非公有制经济是我国经济的重要组成部分。
The non-public sector is an important component of China’s economy.

前面用 sector，一个是换个新鲜词，显得不那么呆板，再就是避免 economy ··· is economy 这种重复。有些地方可能翻译为 non-public economies，还有的叫 non-public-owned economy，其实并不太统一。总体来看，政府工作报告的这种译法比较简单，也值得借鉴。

中译英很多地方都是超简化，避免给自己添麻烦。这也有点儿像为人处世，能简化的事情都抛掉才能更有效率。

必须毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，注重发挥企业家才能，全面落实促进民营经济发展的政策措施，增强各类所有制经济活力，让各类企业法人财产权依法得到保护。
We will remain firmly committed to encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of this sector, work to enable entrepreneurs to give full expression to their talent, put into effect all policies and measures encouraging the development of the private sector, strengthen the vitality of enterprises under all types of ownership, and protect the property rights of all types of enterprise-legal persons in accordance with the law.

“必须毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展”，这里非公有制经济又重复了，所以译文 用了 this sector 来替代，类似前面的 their。后面还有用 such 的。

发挥 give full expression to
落实 put into effect
各类所有制经济 enterprises under all types of ownership
财产权 the property rights
企业法人 enterprise-legal persons

毫不动摇这词也是很眼熟，另一处译法是 be adamant in
我们必须毫不动摇坚持以经济建设为中心
We must be adamant in pursuing economic development as our central task

让·····得到保护，增强····活力，有很多类似的中文表达，其实很繁琐，译成英文往往就是一个词，比如 protect，invigorate。

有工作经验的人都知道，有很多文书工作基本技能就是凑字数，一句话翻来覆去说，这种技能其实也是考试必备。翻译的时候还是要尽量简洁。

继续推进科技、教育、文化、医药卫生、养老保险、事业单位、住房公积金等领域改革。
We will continue to push ahead with reforms in science, technology, education, culture, medical and health care, pensions, public institutions, and the housing provident fund.

事业单位：public institutions
住房公积金：public provident fund

关于事业单位有很多讨论，一般来说 public institutions 也算常用的。“术语的完全对等很困难，有时候我们被迫赋予一些词汇新的含义以使其对应源语词汇包含的语义”

Provident /ˈprɒvɪdənt/ providing for future needs
满足未来需求的; 公积的

发展需要改革添动力，群众期盼改革出实效，我们要努力交出一份为发展加力、让人民受益的改革答卷。
Development needs to be driven by reform, and the people are expecting the real benefits reform delivers. We must work hard to make sure that reform boosts development and benefits our people.

前面说中译英需要简化，不只是在意思上“打折扣”，更关键是句型上。比如“发展需要改革添动力”，译文句型就比较简单。

开放也是改革。必须实施新一轮高水平对外开放，加快构建开放型经济新体制，以开放的主动赢得发展的主动、国际竞争的主动。
Opening up is itself a reform. We must carry out a new round of high-quality opening up, move more swiftly in building a new open economy, and maintain momentum in development and in international competition by pressing ahead with opening up.

这段后半部分并不是紧跟着原文来的，这点也是很多时候看中译英费解的地方。官方译文或者参考答案经常会有这种感觉跑偏的译法，其实并不一定要严格遵循，因为从应试的角度，有一定风险。忠实原文和自由发挥之间的度并不好掌握。

另一种情况是，原文写得太文艺，太文雅，例如以前工作中遇到的“黄河金线串玉珠”，这就很难规规矩矩地翻译，只能想办法模糊处理。

推动外贸转型升级。完善出口退税负担机制，增量部分由中央财政全额负担，让地方和企业吃上“定心丸”。
We will transform and upgrade China’s foreign trade. We will improve the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments with the central government paying all this year’s increase over last year for the benefit of local governments and exporting enterprises.

增量 increase （名词用法）
由中央财政全额负担 the central government paying all ···

清理规范进出口环节收费，建立并公开收费项目清单。
We will overhaul and regulate charges for imports and exports, and establish and release a complete list of such charges.

清理规范 overhaul and regulate
建立并公开 establish and release
清单 list

实施培育外贸竞争新优势的政策措施，促进加工贸易转型，发展外贸综合服务平台和市场采购贸易，扩大跨境电子商务综合试点，增加服务外包示范城市数量，提高服务贸易比重。
We will implement policies and measures to enable China’s foreign trade to develop new competitive edges, facilitate the transformation of processing trade, develop market purchase trade and a comprehensive service platform for foreign trade, expand comprehensive trials in cross-border e-commerce, turn more cities into trendsetters in undertaking services outsourced by other countries, and increase the share of service trade in China’s foreign trade.

培育外贸竞争新优势的政策措施：偏正短语英译中的 to 类型
policies and measures to enable China’s foreign trade to develop new competitive edges

培育竞争新优势 develop new competitive edges
促进 facilitate
加工贸易 processing trade

A trendsetter is a person or institution that starts a new fashion or trend. 引领潮流的人; 引领潮流的机构

提高······比重 increase the share of ···

实施更加积极的进口政策，扩大先进技术、关键设备、重要零部件等进口。
We will adopt a more active import policy to increase the import of advanced technology, key equipment, and important parts and components.

零部件 parts and components

这句中的扩大，翻译成了 increase，也是提供了一种思路。不好翻译的词句，有时候可以找同义词、近义词，往往可以向更简单的方向转化。