大寒已过腊来时,万物那逃出入机。”

今天是农历二十四节气中的最后一个节气——“大寒”。

Major cold - The last of the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms.

同时,一股霸王级的寒潮正在席卷全国,所到之处大地冰冻。

中央气象台预计,21日到25日,气温还将继续下跌,中东部普遍再降温6-8℃,局地降温14℃,还有9级阵风!南方也将出现大范围雨雪!

看看下面这张图,感受一下蓝色寒潮的威力。

*描述寒潮天气*

我们先来看看英文报道是怎样描述这股霸王寒潮的。

►Most parts of China will experience a rapid drop in temperatures along with snow and rain in the coming days as a strong cold front is on the way to hit.
一股超级寒潮正席卷而来,未来几天,我国大部分地区将经历迅速降温和雨雪天气。

cold front:寒潮、冷锋

►The National Meteorological Center said temperatures will drop sharply in northwestern, northern and northeastern China, with temperatures in some areas down by up to 14 degrees Celsius.
国家气象中心称,中国西北部、华北、东北地区将大幅降温,局地降温将达14℃。

meteorological [,miːtɪərə'lɒdʒɪkəl]:
气象的;气象学的

Celsius ['selsɪəs] :摄氏度

►Meteorological authorities in eastern Jiangxi Province forecast a cold snap from Wednesday, adding rain and snow to the coldest week since 1992.
江西省气象部门预计寒潮周三来袭,伴随着雨雪天气,这将是该省1992年以来最寒冷的一周。

cold snap:寒潮

►Sleet and freezing rain is forecast to hit southwest China's Guizhou Province from Thursday to Saturday.
周四到周六,贵州省将迎来雨夹雪、冻雨天气。

Sleet [sliːt]:
雨夹雪

*寒潮*

人们通常用cold snap、cold wave、cold front、cold spell来表达寒潮。

寒潮是指strong cold air(强冷空气)由亚洲大陆西部或西北部侵袭中国时的强降温天气过程,一般多发生在秋末、冬季、初春时节。

当范围很大的cold air mass(冷气团)聚集到一定程度,就会大规模向南入侵,形成寒潮天气。寒潮地面高压的前端一般都有一条cold front(冷锋)。寒潮过后,当地会受low pressure area(低气压)控制。

*关于寒冷的形容词*

▌crisp

cold and dry

轻微干冷

例句:

Pasto is almost 8,300 feet up in the mountains, so it is cold and crisp, with a blaze of stars across the sky.
帕斯托地处8300英尺海拔高的山脉,又冷又干,天空中闪耀着星星。

▌brisk

fairly cold and a fairly strong wind is blowing

寒冷干燥、寒风猛烈

例句:

A brisk northwest wind swept across the city.
寒冷干燥的西北风横扫了这个城市。

▌harsh

extremely cold and unpleasant

酷寒

例句:

Harsh weather in the west has left communities buried in snow.
西部地区的酷寒使整个社区掩埋在雪里。

▌bleak

very cold and grey

阴冷

例句:

The weather can be extremely bleak on the south.
南部地区的天气会极度阴冷。

▌biting

so cold that makes you feel very uncomfortable

刺骨的寒冷

例句:

He leant forward to protect himself against the biting wind.
他佝偻着身体以避寒风。

▌raw

unpleasantly cold

阴冷

例句:

Once they cleared the housetops, the wind was raw and biting.
他们清扫完屋顶后,顿时感到阴冷的刺骨寒风。

▌frosty

cold enough to produce frost

霜冻的寒冷

例句:

He breathed in the frosty air.
他吸进冰冷的空气。

▌icy

extremely cold;an icy road has ice on it

冰冷的;结冰的

例句:

It's icy out there! Be careful!
外面结冰了,路上小心!

*寒冷的天气现象*

▌blizzard

a big strong winter storm with lots of snow and wind

暴风雪

例句:

In some parts of Zhejiang, residents will experience blizzard conditions.
浙江部分地区会遭遇暴风雪天气。

▌flurry

a light, brief shower of snow

小阵雪

例句:

Flurries began to fall for a number of hours before the storm really started.
暴风来临前,小阵雪持续了数个小时。

▌frost

a thin layer of ice crystals that form on a frozen surface like grass or a car

例句:

I know winter is coming when I begin to see frost in the yard in the morning.
当我在看见院子里的霜时,我知道冬天来了。

▌hail

small pieces of ice that fall from the sky

冰雹

例句:

The hail was so big it made dents in people’s cars and cracked windshields.
大块冰雹在人们的车上砸出了凹痕,砸裂了挡风玻璃。

▌sleet

a mixture of rain and snow

雨夹雪

例句:

Sleet is my least favorite kind of weather because it is both cold and wet.
雨夹雪是最讨人厌的天气,因为它又寒冷又潮湿。

▌freezing rain

rain that falls when surface temperatures are below freezing

冻雨

例句:

Icy weather and freezing rain continue to batter regions across South China.
冰冷天气和冻雨将继续侵袭南方地区。

注:冻雨不同于雨夹雪或冰雹,这种雨从天空落下时是低于0°C的过冷水滴,在碰到树枝、电线、地面或其他地上物,就会在这些物体上冻结成外表光滑、晶莹透明的一层冰壳。

*集中供暖*

下面是拉仇恨的部分,都说冬天是“北方人得瑟,南方人哆嗦”的季节。

因为有一条南北供暖分界线(North-South Central Heating Supply Line),这条线以秦岭、淮河为界,划定了北方集中供暖区。

北方采用的集中供暖系统称为central heating system。

“供暖”也称为heating supply。

提供集中供暖(central heating)的这段时间也就是heating season,供暖季。

而没有暖气的南方人民,到了冬天,只能靠空调或者电暖器取暖了(southern residents are forced to rely on air conditioners and heaters)。

不管你在南方北方,寒潮当前,还是多穿点吧!

本文来源中国日报双语新闻微信@Chinadaily_Mobile,由中国日报授权发布。