Chappie

几十年来,编剧和导演一直让银幕上的人类和机器人互为敌手,但这些情节究竟有多少是从科学角度上说得过去的?为此我们咨询了一些人工智能专家,让他们对这一类型的几部电影进行打分,分数为1到10.根据他们的打分,我们对这几部电影进行了排名,从最不靠谱的到最靠谱的,如下:

6. Chappie (2015)
《超能查派》(2015

Summary: A robot police warrior gains self-awareness after a programmer cracks the code for true AI.
总结:一个程序员破解了真正的人工智能的编码后,一个机器人警察战士获得了自我意识。

What it gets right: Chappie is “born” with a very basic understanding of the world and his surroundings, but it learns through experience. Although the film might not be the most realistic portrayal of machine learning, it is accurate in the sense that many of our most advanced AI algorithms today require the robot to undergo a trial-and-error learning phase.
合理的地方:查派“一出生”就对这个世界和它周边的人事有一些最基本的认识,但查派是通过后天的经验去学习的。或许这部影片在机器人学习这一块上的描写并不是最现实的,但从我们如今最为先进的人工智能算法要求机器人经历试错法的学习过程来看,影片在这一点上是十分合理的。

What it gets wrong: There are a lot of problems with this movie, according to the experts. For one, there’s a single rogue programmer who writes a program for AI by himself in his apartment. The experts agree this sort of breakthrough is highly unrealistic, and that the first true AI will be developed slowly over time by a large team of scientists.
不合理的地方:专业人士表示,这部影片存在很多问题。其中之一,一个离群索居的程序员在自己的公寓里就编写出了一个人工智能程序,这显然不合理。专家称,这一突破性的情节是极为不现实的,要研发出一个真正的人工智能需要很多科学人员经过相当长的一段时间才能做到。

Realism score: 1/10
现实指数:1

A.I.

5. A.I. (2001)
《人工智能》(2001

Summary: After their son must be put into a hibernationlike stasis to save his life, a family adopts a robotic boy, David, which is programmed to love.
总结:在儿子必须进入类似冬眠状态来保命后,这家人领养了一个机器人小男孩大卫,大卫的生存使命就是来爱这家人.

What it gets right: Throughout the film, David has one unchanging objective that is the direct result of his programming—to love and be loved. “This robot boy wants to be loved. If you design this robot child in such a way, it will have these desires and it will act in such a way,” says Marcus Hutter, a computer scientist at the Australian National University.
合理的地方:影片从头至尾,大卫的目标一直不曾改变(直接原因出自他自身携带的程序),那就是爱与被爱。“这个机器人小孩想要被爱。如果你以这种方式设计的这个机器人小孩,那他自然就该有这些诉求,就会有这样的举止。”澳大利亚国立大学计算机科学家马科斯·哈特如是说。

What it gets wrong: Like in Chappie, we see a single team of scientists create AI over a very short period of time.
不合理的地方:跟《超能查派》一样,在《人工智能》这部影片中,我们看到的是一小队科学家在很短的时间内就创造出了人工智能。

Realism score: 3/10
现实指数:3

Ex Machina

4. Ex Machina (2015)
《机械姬》(2015

Summary: A young programmer (Caleb) wins a trip to visit a computer genius’s (Nathan) compound where he will get to administer a Turing test (designed to test whether a machine is capable of humanlike intelligence) to a potentially sentient robot (Ava).
总结:一名年轻的程序员(加利)赢得了到计算机天才(纳森)别墅拜访的机会,在那里加利将协助对一个具有潜在意识的机器人(夏娃)进行“图灵测试”(旨在测试机器人夏娃是否具有跟人类相似的智能)。

What it gets right: Nathan doesn’t suddenly “crack the AI problem.” He’s not sure if Ava is sentient or not; she needs to be tested. Ex Machina at least treats the subject as complicated—something that needs to be tested.
合理的地方:纳森并没突然一下子就“解决了人工智能的问题”。他并不确定机器人夏娃是否具有意识,这一点还需要进行测试。《机械姬》起码还知道事情是复杂的,需要进一步测试。

What it gets wrong: Yet again we see the “isolated genius” trope. Though Nathan runs the massive internet company BlueBook, it appears most of his work on AI has been done solo—alone in a high-tech house in the woods.
不合理的地方:在这部片中我们又再一次看到“独行天才”的把戏。虽然纳森开有一家大型网络公司BlueBook,但似乎他在人工智能项目上的大部分工作都是在深山中自己的高科技家中一个人完成的。

Realism score: 5/10
现实指数:5

Transcendence

 

3. Transcendence (2014)
《超验骇客》(2014

Summary: Computer scientist Will Caster becomes the first world’s first AI specimen when his consciousness is uploaded to a quantum computer after he dies.
总结:计算机科学家威尔·卡斯特死后,其意识被植入一台量子计算机中,成为了世界上第一个人工智能的范例。

What it gets right: Until the very end, Will Caster’s AI self is confined entirely to the digital world; he exists solely as a computer program.
合理的地方:影片由始至终,威尔·卡斯特的人工智能自我都完全限定在数字世界中;他只以计算机程序的身份而存在。

What it gets wrong: The whole brain uploading/downloading thing.
不合理的地方:整个大脑植入/卸载的部分。

Realism score: 6/10
现实指数:6

I, Robot

2. I, Robot (2004)
《我,机器人》(2004

Summary: After an executive (Alfred Lanning) at USR robotics corporation is murdered, detective Del Spooner suspects one of the company’s own robots is the perpetrator.
总结:机器人研发USR公司的高管阿尔弗莱德·朗宁被谋杀后,警探戴尔·斯普纳怀疑凶手就是该公司自己研发的机器人之一。

What it gets right: Of any film on the list, I, Robot addresses Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics most directly: 1) A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm; 2) A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law; 3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
合理的地方:在这份名单上的几部电影中,《我,机器人》最直接地处理了艾萨克·阿西莫夫的机器人三定律:1)机器人不能危害人, 或任人受伤而袖手旁观。2)除非违背第一定律,机器人必须服从人的命令。3)除非违背第一及第二定律,机器人必须保护自己。

What it gets wrong: All the experts are quick to point out that robots do not change their programming, and the notion that they could spontaneously develop new agendas is pure fiction.
不合理的地方:所有的专家都很快就发现,该影片中的机器人无需改变他们的程序,以及机器人能自行开发新项目日程的这一点完全属于编造。

Realism score: 6.5/10
现实指数:6.5

2001: A Space Odyssey

1.2001: A Space Odyssey1968
2001:太空漫游》(1968

Summary: While investigating a strange signal emanating from a large black monolith on the moon, the crew of Discovery One discover that their onboard AI (HAL 9000) is malfunctioning.
总结:在调查月球上一块黑石发出的奇怪信号时,“探索者一号”上的宇航员发现随行的人工智能超级电脑(代号HAL 9000)出现功能失效。

What it gets right: The experts seem to agree that 2001’s treatment of AI is the most accurate of any of the movies on the list. HAL seems certainly sentient, but when asked whether the computer has feelings or emotions, one of the astronauts (Dave) responds that there’s really no way to know.
合理的地方: 专家们都同意《2001:太空漫游》在对人工智能上的处理是这份名单上所有电影中最为合理的。超级电脑HAL看起来是有意识的,但当被问及该电脑是否有感觉或情绪时,其中一名宇航员戴夫回答道,谁也没有办法知道答案。

What it gets wrong: Not too much. You don’t get to the top of this list by messing up too royally. We took a point off because there’s no explanation of how HAL works.
不合理的地方:并没有很多。能在这份名单上登顶,自然不会被挑出很多错。但我们还是发现了一处地方,也就是影片并没有向我们解释到底超级电脑HAL是如何工作的。

Realism score: 9/10
现实指数:9