下层的英文：
substratum

参考例句：
  • Disadvantaged families
    下层贫困家庭
  • evergreen undershrub
    常绿下层灌木
  • Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous.
    党内积极分子中中产阶级下层出身的很多。
  • The salt water, being more dense, flows upstream under the fresh water which is flowing downstream
    淡水在上层向下流动，比重更大的盐水在下层逆流向上。
  • At the nadir of...
    在…的最下层[最低处]
  • He belongs to the lower middle class.
    他来自中产阶级下层。
  • The lower deck is more convenient.
    下层甲板更方便些。
  • Tramps are in a low stratum of society.
    流浪汉生活在社会的下层。
  • Tramps are from the lowest stratum of society
    流浪汉来自社会最下层。
  • aristocrats who regarded the rabble with deep contempt.
    对下层民众极其蔑视的贵族们
substratum是什么意思：
n. 下层;地基;根基
  • "For soft substratum, dig out the top layer (5 - 10 cm thick), sort out the animals, identify and count them."
    若是软基质,用小铲挖出表面5-10厘米厚的基质,找出砂泥中的动物,点算和鉴定。

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