比较结构作为考研中一个非常重要的知识点,经常出现在翻译、阅读考点句等很重要的地方。如果不能正确理解比较结构,会出现有些句子理解完全相反或者根本无法理解的现象。因此掌握比较结构的应用至关重要。然而经过基础阶段的学习,大家虽然都对比较结构有了初步的学习和了解,但是很多同学还是经常会被混乱的比较结构短语或句型弄得晕头转向,根本不知道怎么理解、怎么翻译。本文将对比较结构进行分类规整,让大家再也不会被繁杂凌乱的比较结构所困扰。比较结构分为以下两大类:

一、表示两类事物一样时,有以下结构:

1. as... as...:和……一样……

2. as much / many…as…:和……一样多的……

3. no less...than ...(=not any less...than...):和……一样都……

4. no more...than ...(=not any more...than...):和……一样不……

二、表示两类事物不同时,有以下结构:

1. more …than...:比……多,比……更加;与其说是(后者),不如说是(前者)

2. less …than...(=not so much...as...):比……少;与其说是(前者),不如说是(后者)

3. not so... as...:是(后者),不是(前者)

比较结构在考研中的应用比较灵活,如果仅仅是对比较结构的短语死记硬背,那么在考试时遇到句子还是不能理解。因此,对比较结构的分析显得尤为重要。接下来将以真题句子为例,给大家演示比较结构句子如何分析,如何理解。

例1:But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (2006年第49题)

【分析】

A. 句子拆分:But his primary task is not // to think about the moral code//, which governs his activity, //any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

本句的主语为his primary task,is not是系动词,to think about the moral code是表语,which governs his activity定语从句,修饰the moral code;any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business是比较状语从句。

B. 词义确定:moral code道德准则;dedicate to致力于,献身于;exploration探究,探讨

C. 参考译文:但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德准则,就如同我们不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。

D. 技巧点拨:本题考查的是no more than 的变体not…any more than,这两个结构都是表示两个事物之间的类比关系,由上下文可判断这里类比的对象是his primary task和businessman。该结构表示两者都否定。因此,主句需要否定,译为“他的主要任务不是……”,而且从句里谓语is expected是肯定形式,但翻译时一定要译成否定“不能指望”。

例2:Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool. [1994年第71题]

【分析】

A. 句子拆分:Science moves forward, they say, not so much // through the insights of great men of genius // as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.

句中they say为插入语;Science是句子的主语,moves forward为谓语, not so much…as…是比较结构;其中,through the insights of great men of genius和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool为被比较对象。

B. 词义确定:move forward前进,发展;insight洞察力,深刻见解;genius天才

C. 参考译文:他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

D. 技巧点拨:本题考查的是not so much A as B 这一比较句型。比较的对象是两个介词短语:through the insights of great men of genius 和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool,是对science moves forward(科学发展)这个事情的两种途径进行比较,即同一事物的两个方面进行比较,所以此比较结构译为“与其说……不如说……”。

综上所述,在强化阶段,要掌握以上两大类比较结构,除了记住这些表达之外,最主要的是要多在例句中对各个表达进行理解记忆。只要能在理解的基础上记忆,做到灵活运用以上短语,那么考生在考试中碰到任何的比较结构时,都不会再出现束手无策的现象,从此比较结构再也不是考生谈之色变的话题。