填空题是雅思听力考试中出现比例最高的,又分为图表填空、句子完成、摘要填空等。这篇文章重点讲解图表填空的各种题型特点及解题技巧。图表填空分为个人信息表格、分类信息表格、流程图及地图题。特点是路标词汇明显,但信息密集。

一、信息表格题

此类题多出现在听力考试第一部分(Section 1),顾名思义,主要考察个人信息的填空,如姓名、地址、电话号码、国籍等。题目不难,但考点细致,原文会出现较多干扰,要求考生掌握扎实的听力基本功,能够快速、准确记录信息。下面是此类题目中的常见考点。

1. 数字信息

纯数字信息:
Telephone / fax/ mobile phone no. 电话、传真号码一般为7-8位数字,有时再加2-3位区号(area code),分机是“extension”;手机号码一般为10-12位;
credit card /account no. 信用卡、账户号码一般为16位数字;
Visa no. 签证号码一般为10-12位数字;
Date and day 日期与星期几

小贴士

1. 注意数字的特殊读法。如“零”可能读作:nil,naught,zero等;两个重复的数字读作double,三个重复的数字读作triple;
2. 日期中月份不能用数字表达,必须拼写,如October 22nd,但年月日俱全时可用数字,如15/01/1980,读作:fifteenth of first,nineteen eighty;
3. 小数点读法,如0.75读作zero point seven five,或point seventy-five;2.2 读作two dot two。

数字与字母组合

house no. 门牌号码 (e.g. 20A, 注意发音与28的区别)
bus no. 公共汽车(e.g. 14A)
passport no. 护照号码 (e.g. G25688963)
driver’s /driving no. 驾照号码
licence plate no. 车牌号码
membership no. 会员号码
medical card no. 医疗证号码
flight no. 航班号码 (e.g. BA207)
postcode 邮政编码(e.g. London N12, BS89PU)

小贴士

1. 和数字连一起的字母一定要大写;
2. 注意区分容易听混的字母,如M与N(通常考M居多),G与J等;
3. 一些易混淆字母会有解释,应了解常出现的代表字母的单词,如B for Bravo,D for Delta,G for Golf,J for Juliet,M for Mike,N for November,T for Tango等。

2. 姓名

注意题目要求是填写Surname(姓)还是Given name(名)。如填写Name,则都必须写。如:My name is Paul Smiley. It’s S-M-I-L-E-Y. 虽然原文只拼读了surname,但答案中两个都要写。因为Paul是一个很常见的名,要自己拼写。

小贴士

1. 常考的女子名:Anna, Alice, Cathy, Helen, Jane, Joan,Mary, Rose, Tracy;
2. 常考的男子名:Adam; Bill; David; George; Henry; Jim; Mark; Mike; Peter; Paul; Tom.

3. 国家或国籍

听力考试中,这是两个不同的概念,Country: _____必须填写国家名;Nationality: ___ 必须填写国家的形容词形式。

小贴士

常考的国家形容词形式(按后缀归类)
-ish British, Spanish, Polish, Swedish, Danish, Irish, Turkish
-an American, Canadian(注意发音),Australian, Malaysian, Russian,
German
-ese Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Burmese, Portuguese
-ic Icelandic, Arabic 

 4. 城市名

通常考察英国或澳大利亚的主要城市名,必须会拼写;其他城市名原文会拼读。

小贴士

常考的城市、地区名

UK /Britain
England 英格兰 Scotland 苏格兰 Wales 威尔士
Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰 London 伦敦
Edinburg 爱丁堡(苏格兰首府) Cardiff 加的夫(威尔士首府)
Belfast 贝尔法斯特(北爱尔兰首府)
Liverpool 利物浦 Birmingham 伯明翰
Leeds 利兹 Manchester 曼彻斯特
Bath 巴思 Bristol 布里斯托尔
Cambridge 剑桥 Oxford 牛津
Australia
Queensland 昆士兰州 New South Wales 新南威尔士
Canberra 堪培拉 Sydney 悉尼
Melbourne 墨尔本 Brisbane 布里斯班
Perth 珀斯 Adelaide 阿德雷德
Cairns 凯恩斯 Tasmania 塔斯马尼亚
New Zealand
Wellington 惠灵顿 Auckland 奥克兰
The United States of America
New York 纽约 Washington 华盛顿
Los Angeles 洛杉矶 Chicago
Canada
Ottawa 渥太华 Vancouver 温哥华
Toronto 多伦多 Montreal 蒙特利尔
Quebec 魁北克 Victoria 维多利亚
British Columbia 不列颠哥伦比亚省
其他
Berlin 柏林 Athens 雅典
Rome 罗马 Antarctica 南极洲

5. 地址

常见的考点是门牌号,街道名称,地区,邮编。注意书写顺序从小到大。如:23C Rose Lane。
常考的街道名称:
• 地点类名词作街道名,如:Bank, Bridge, Church, Hill, Lake
• 方向作为街道:North, South, (注意与Street连读时的省音现象),East, West
• 其他普通名词或形容词作街道名:Green, Black, Rose, Oak, New, Eagle, Wood, Gold, High, Long
• 复合名词作街道名:
Riverside, Woodside, Downland, Upland, Eastwood,

小贴士

1. 门牌号注意区分“十几”和“几十”,注意字母与数字的组合,如20A,不要写成28;
2. 不同的街道类型,Road(路), Street(街), Avenue(大街), boulevard (大道),Drive(车道), Lane(小路), Close(单行道), Square (广场)。

6. 度量单位

长度、距离
foot 英尺 inch 英寸 yard 码
mile 英里 kilometer 公里 block 街区

重量
Gram 克 kilogram 千克,公斤 ton 吨
Pound 磅 ounce 盎司 galon 加仑

面积
square meter 平方米 acre 英亩 hectare 公顷

容积

Liter/litre 升

温度
Fahrenheit 华氏 Celsius/Centigrade 摄氏

货币
Pound 英镑 dollar 美元/澳元
Cent 美分 penny 便士

 二、分类表格题

解题思路:

1. 快速扫描表格,先横后纵。即先扫描最上面的一行,再扫描最左边的一列。通常横栏为大的信息,纵列为小的分类;
2. 根据并列原则,判断所填写的信息,如数字、国家名、或是其他与同列信息类似的名词、形容词。

小贴士

1. 答案的大小写与表格已给信息保持一致;
2. 注意题号顺序。雅思听力考试一定是按照题目顺序放音的。如果表格中提供Example(例子),不管例子在第几栏出现,听力材料中一定会先提到例子指示的答案。

例题解析 (分类表格题

Cambridge 6, Test 1, Section 1
Questions 1-4
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Notes on Sports Club

Example                         Answer

Name of club:        Kingswell

 

Facilities available:             Golf

                                    1______________

                                    2______________

Classes available:       Kick-boxing

                                    3 ______________

Additional facility:     4 ______________

                                    (restaurant opening soon)

Questions 5 -8

Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO NUMBERS for each answer.

Membership Schemes

Type

Use of facilities

Cost of classes

Times

Joining fee

Annual subscription fee

Gold

All

Free

Any time

₤250

5 ₤______

Silver

All

6 ₤______

From 7  _to __

₤225

₤300

Bronze

Restricted

₤3

From 10.30 to 3.30 weekdays only

₤50

8 ₤______

题目解析

1-4题的实质是分类信息表格题。通过左边三列项目,我们得知分别要填写设备名称、课程及额外的设施。首先,考生要热身有关健身设施和课程的词汇。其次,注意第一个路标词Golf的出现。

1. 考生注意在这之前提到的tennis courts和football均为干扰。tennis court 出现在路标词Golf之前,不是答案;男生提到football之后,工作人员说“No, I’m sorry.” 从而排除了这个信息。工作人员最后说“We do have a keep-fit studio, which is …”,do have 表示强调,在原文中也重读。
2. 注意并列词as well as,之后出现并列的第2题答案,swimming。
3. kick-boxing为路标词,之后提到的judo and stretch classes是打算增加的课程“We’re planning to add...”,因此不是答案。在yoga classes 之后有表示并列的副词too,这往往是标识答案的信号词。考生要注意类似的如as well as,too,another等词。
4. 男生提到restaurant后,考生就应注意答案马上会出现,因为第4题要求是facilities。接下来,at the moment,表示现有的设施,答案为salad bar。

5-8题是典型的分类信息表格题。考生应快速浏览表格的第一行标题及第二行的项目,找到题目顺序,预测答案词性。5题、6题与8题答案为价格数字,7题答案为时间。

5. 表格前一列中的数字250为路标词,但之后出现的信息£450马上被否定,最后提到的£500为答案。注意joining fee是指入会费,而subscription fee是年费。
6. 表格第三行题干中silver为路标词,接下来听到except一词,考生要牢记这个经常之后出现答案的信号词,它表示排除,也是在讲话中表示强调信息的词。
7. 通过题目分析得知空格中应填写两个时间点,注意介词between… and… 替换from… to… 。
8. 第7题与第8题之间有较长的间隔,考生不要紧张,只要跟上表格中提到的信息,就不会听丢答案。离8题最近的信息£50是路标词。在答案£180出现后又提到一个数字£15,是指平均每个月的费用,考生应熟悉题目要求annual指“年度”的,这样就不会被干扰。

 

Key to Sample 2
1. (a) keep-fit studio
2. swimming
3. yoga
4. (a) salad bar
5. 500
6. 1
7. 10a.m.,4.30p.m.
8. 180

Tapescript of Sample 2

Woman: Good morning, oh sorry, it’s gone 12, I’ll start again, good afternoon, Kingswell Sports Club, how can I help you?
Man: Oh, good afternoon. I was wondering if you could give me some information about membership and faciliteis.
Woman: Of course. What would you like to know?
Man: Do you have tennis courts, for example?
Woman: No, I’m afraid we don’t. We’re primarily a golf club.
Man: What about football? I heard you had a team.
Woman: No, I’m sorry. Perhaps you’re thinking about Fresham Sports Centre.
Man: Oh, right. I know it. I’ve played badminton there.
Woman: Have you? They’ve got a lot of facilities we don’t have and vice versa. We do have a keep-fit studio (Q1), which is very popular with members, and then as well as that there’s swmming, (Q2) of course.
Man: Tha’ts good. I like to swim every day.
Woman: We have a range of classes too.
Man: Do you have judo classes? I’m keen to learn.
Woman: Well, at the moment we offer kick boxing. We’re planning to add judo and stretch classes soon. We’re currently running a range of yoga classes (Q3), too.
Man: What about relaxing after exercise? I assume you have a resaurant o something.
Woman: At the moment, we’e got a salad bar (Q4) which is very popular. We’ll also have a fully-licensed restaurant by the end of ye year.
Man: Sounds good!
Woman: What kind of memebership are you interested in?
Man: Um I’m not really sure. What are the options?
Woman: Well, there are three different membership schemes.
Man: I see. What’s the difference?
Woman: Well, the first one’s called Gold, and you can use all the facilities at any time of the day or week. You can also join in as many classes as you like for free.
Man: That sounds good. Is it very expensive?
Woman: Well, you pay a £250 joining fee and then its’ £450 -- oh no, I’m sorry, it’s just gone up by £50, sorry about that -- it’s now £500 (Q5) for the annual subscrption fee.
Man: Right, got that. And what’s the next type?
Woman: Well, that’s Silver -- it’s the same as Gold except you have to pay a small fee of £1.00 per lesson (Q6) for any you do and you can only use the centre at certain times.
Man: I see. So when exactly?
Woman: You can only use the facilities between 10am and 4.30 pm (Q7).
Man: So I couldn’t use the pool at 8 in the morning or evening, then?
Woman: That’s right.
Man: OK. And the price for that? Is the joining fee the same as for Gold?
Woman: Actually, it’s slightly less than the £250 -- it’s £225, but the annual fee is only £300. Does that sound more like what you want?
Man: Well, it’s still rather more expensive than I thought. I’m a student here in England and I’m only here for six months.
Woman: Ah, then the Bronze scheme would probably suit you best.
Man: How is that different?
Woman: Well,some of the facilities have restricted use.
Man: Adn do I have to pay for classes?
Woman: Yes, it’s £3 for each class you join.
Man: I see. And what are the hours then?
Woman: Between 10.30 and 3.30 weekdays only and you pay a £50 joining fee. The annual fee is £180 (Q8) -- it works out at £15 a month, so that would be quite a lot cheaper. 

 

 三、地图题

解题思路:

1. 先找到地图的起始点、入口或讲话人所在的位置;
2. 快速浏览图中已给的信息,如街道、建筑物名称、方向指示箭头等;
3. 如果是填图题,注意听表示顺序的词,如first,then,next等;如果是配对题,注意表示方位的词,如north,south,left,right,opposite等。

必须掌握的方位词

be ahead of 在⋯⋯前方 be across from 在⋯⋯对面
be behind 在⋯⋯后面 be beside 在⋯⋯旁边
be far from 远离⋯⋯ be in front of 在⋯⋯前面
be next to 紧挨着 be in the corner of 在⋯⋯拐角处
be parallel to 与⋯⋯平行 be nearby 在附近
be on your left/right hand side 在你的左/右边
go along/down 沿着⋯⋯ go through 穿过
take the first turning on your left 第一个路口左转
turn your first left 第一个路口左转
access 通道,入口 side access 侧门
rear access 后门 wheelchair access 轮椅通道
annex/wing building 付楼/翼楼 arrow箭头
aisle 通道 basement 地下室
balconly 阳台 corridor 走廊
clockwise 顺时针的 counter-clockwise 逆时针的
escalator 扶梯 lift 升降梯
landmark 标志性建筑 pavement 人行道
stairs 楼梯 signpost 路标
crossroad/intersection 十字路口 T-junction 丁字路口
underpass 地下通道 zebra crossing 斑马线

小贴士
1. 地图题分为两类:填图题和配对题,注意不同的做题方法;
2. 通常会出现错综复杂的街道、地名等,要熟悉表达方向的词汇、句型;
3. 如果地图的入口在上方,注意“左”、“右”与看图的方向相反。

 

 例题解析(地图填空题)

Cambridge 4 , Test 1, Section 2

Questions 14-20
Label the plan below:
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
 

题目解析
1. 首先,找到地图的起始点,即图的下方entrance;
2. 浏览途中题目的序号,地图填空题一定是按照题号的顺序介绍的;
3. 注意图中已给的信息,如Car Park,The Engine Room等,在以这些地点为参照时能够迅速在图中找到其位置。
4. 14题在图的下方,注意听力材料中提到the bottom时,会出现答案;
5. 15题在入口的右边,在听到“entrance”之后,注意immediate to our right。地图填空题不需要考生在图中找方向,而是听到方位词后捕捉地点名词;
6. 接下来材料提到car park,应该预测16题的答案即将出现;
7. 17题距离较远,要注意提前定位序号。原文先说到答案才提到位置,有一定的隐蔽性,在听到“a stone house”时就应提高警惕;
8. 紧接着出现方位词,“on the top right corner”,注意寻找下一个题目序号18题;
9. 19题以Gringding Shop为参照,比较容易定位;
10. next to为路标词,注意答案的单词拼写。


Keys
Woodside
Ticket Office
Gift Shop
Main Workshop
Showroom
Cafe
Cottage