一项最新调查显示,中国城市的90后在消费方面扮演着十分重要的角色,因为他们有着更多的可支配资金,在家庭中也有更大的话语权。根据北京新生代市场研究公司的调查,2010年,中学生的每月零用钱平均为382.3元(61美元),而10年前的类似调查显示结果仅为67.7元,如今的零用钱是10年前的5倍。

先看相关英文报道:

A recent survey found that urban Chinese born in the 1990s are playing a significant role in consumption because they have more disposable money and a greater say in family spending. The pocket money for a middle school student averaged 382.3 yuan ($61) a month in 2010, five times more than the 67.7 yuan a month found in the pockets of this demographic in a similar survey conducted 10 years ago, according to a report from Sinomonitor Marketing Research Co.

分析:

上述新闻中的“disposable money”意为“可支配资金”。“disposable”有“可自由支配的、可任意实用的”意思,如“disposable income”为“可支配收入”。“disposable”也有“一次性的、用完可丢弃的”意思,如“disposable worker”为“临时工”、“disposable slippers”为“一次性拖鞋”。
“可支配收入”,就是拿到手的收入。即工资收入中扣除掉基本养老保险、基本医疗保险、失业保险、公积金、个人所得税等剩下的那部分,扣除它们后拿到手上的钱才是想怎么用就怎么用的。

一些相关词汇:

1. have a greater say  in... 在……方面有更大的话语权
例句:China might currently be the junior partner but, as it grows stronger, it will want a greater say in how the world is run, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.
中国也许现在处于一个较弱的地位,但是随着国力的增强,它将在世界秩序方面发出更强音,尤其是在亚太地区。

2. pocket money 零用钱

3. basic endowment insurance 基本养老保险

4. basic medical insurance 基本医疗保险

5. unemployment insurance 失业保险

6. accumulation fund 公积金

7. personal income tax 个人所得税

8. post-90s 90后

例句:

1. It taxes growth directly by taking disposable money out of consumers' pockets, and restricts central banks' ability to provide support by easing monetary policy.
这种冲击导致消费者可支配资金减少,从而直接加重了增长负担,同时限制了央行通过放松货币政策来提供支持的能力。

2. The problem is not lack of desire to spend, but lack of money: Household disposable income has been shrinking as a share of GDP.
问题不在于人们不想花钱,而是缺钱:家庭可支配收入占GDP的比例一直在缩水。

3. Time is money, a disposable resource
时间就是金钱,一种可以挥霍的资源。