整个欧洲都为电子呈现出粒子和波的两重性而感到费解。物理学家为之疯狂地讨论着各种可能的假设。维克多•德布罗意亲王、奥地利人埃尔文•薛定谔和维尔纳•海森伯都为之提出了各自的理论,他们的理论是前人的理论更好理解,亦或是解释了前人理论中无法解决的部分~~~
❤《万物简史》推出部落节目版,戳这里订阅:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/


文中需听写单词或词组用[-No-]表示,句子用[---No---]表示。请边听写边理解文意,这样可以提高听力准确度,并为训练听译打下基础哦~~~

Hint:
furiously
scribble
deft
As it was, the Europeans had their hands full trying to understand the strange behavior of the electron. [---1---] This impossible duality drove physicists nearly mad. [---2---] In France, Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie, the scion of a ducal family, found that certain anomalies in the behavior of electrons disappeared when one regarded them as waves. [---3---] At almost the same time the German physicist Werner Heisenberg came up with a competing theory called matrix mechanics. This was so [-4-] complex that hardly anyone really understood it, including Heisenberg himself ("I do not even know what a matrix is," Heisenberg [-5-] a friend [-6-]), but it did seem to solve certain problems that Schrödinger's waves failed to explain. The upshot is that physics had two theories, based on [-7-] premises, that produced the same results. It was an impossible situation.
The principal problem they faced was that the electron sometimes behaved like a particle and sometimes like a wave. For the next decade all across Europe they furiously thought and scribbled and offered competing hypotheses. The observation excited the attention of the Austrian Erwin Schrödinger, who made some deft refinements and devised a handy system called wave mechanics. mathematically despaired to at one point conflicting
实际上,欧洲人当时忙得不亦乐乎,试图搞清电子的古怪表现。他们面临的主要问题是,电子有时候表现得很像粒子,有时候很像波。这种令人难以置信的两重性几乎把物理学家逼上绝境。在此后的10年里,全欧洲的物理学家都在思索呀,乱涂呀,提出互相矛盾的假设呀。在法国,公爵世家出身的路易-维克多•德布罗意亲王发现如果把电子看做是波,那么电子行为的某些反常就消失了。这一发现引起了奥地利人埃尔文•薛定谔的注意。他巧妙地做了一些提炼,设计了一种容易理解的理论,名叫波动力学。几乎同时,德国物理学家维尔纳•海森伯提出了一种对立的理论,叫做矩阵力学。那种理论牵涉到复杂的数学,实际上几乎没有人搞得明白,包括海森伯本人在内("我连什么是矩阵都不知道。"海森伯有一次绝望地对一位朋友说),但似乎确实解决了薛定谔的波动力学里一些无法解释的问题。结果,物理学有了两种理论,它们基于互相冲突的前提,但得出同样的结果。这是个令人难以置信的局面。