1.Attempt had been made by others to classify plant species into groups,but the breakthrough came with the work of Carl Linnaeus.

另一些人尝试按植物种类分类，但是突破性进展却来自Carl Linnaeus.

classify vt. 编排；分类to arrange or organize according to class or category classify sb./ sth. (as sth.) 将某人/某物归类

［例］

1）We usually classify types of character as good or bad. 我们通常把 （人的） 性格之类型分为善与恶。

2）The books in the library are classified by subject. 图书馆的书是按照科目分类的。

3）Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? 你认为她的小说属于文学类呢，还是属于通俗读物类？

［联想］

1. attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth 试图夺取

2. classified（常作定语）分类的 a classified directory 分类电话簿 classified advertisements 分类广告

3. classification n. the act or result of classifying; a category or class 分类；类别

2.In 1768, the Royal Navy appointed James Cook as the commander of the Endeavour to take members of the Royal Society on an expedition to Tahiti.

1768年英国皇家海军任命James Cook为“奋力”号船长，带领皇家学会成员远征塔希提岛。

appoint sb. (to); appoint sb. (as)

挑选（某人）做某工作或任某职位；任命；委派

［例］

1. He was appointed to the vacant post. 他被委派填补那空缺。

2. We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school. 我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。

3. They have appointed a new manager. 他们已经任用了一位新经理。

4. Who shall we appoint (as) chairperson? 我们选派谁担任主席呢？

5. They have appointed a date for the meeting. 他们已经约定了开会的日期。

6. They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们约定一个地方交换邮票。

［联想］appoint sth. (for sth.) 确定或决定某事物

3.He had to supply about ￡10,000 of his own money to equip the expedition…

他不得不把自己的钱（大约一万英镑）拿出来为这次远征提供设备。

supply当“提供；供应”讲，supply sth./ supply sb. 向某人提供某物

［例］

1.They supplied food aids to the people in the flood-stricken area.

=They supplied the people in the flood-stricken area with food aids. 他们向受灾地区的人们提供了食品援助。

［联想］近义词为provide/offer.

sb. sth./offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物

He offered me a cup of tea.=He offered a cup of tea to me.

e sb. with sth./ provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物，供应

The firm has provided me with a car.=The firm has provided a car for me. 公司提供给我一辆汽车。

在涉及到钱时，supply则不明确，一般讲来要给钱，provide往往则意味着免费提供。

The school provides the students with lesson-sheets. 学校免费给学生提供讲义。

We can supply you with some rare Ming editions. 我们可以给你提供一些稀有的明版书。

4.As a result, fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related, although they are different at first sight.

因此，尽管桃子和梨子乍看起来是不同的，但事实上它们是有关联的。

as a result意为“结果是，作为结果”，其后引出结果，表示前后句之间的因果关系。有时需要用as a result of 短语进行转换，of后接原因。

［例］

1.It was raining heavily. As a result, the match had to be put off.

=As a result of the heavy rain, the match had to be put off. 由于这场大雨，比赛被迫取消。

2.The accident resulted in the death of two people. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。

Success results form hard work. 成功来自努力。

［联想］result in造成，result form由……造成。

5. Darwin counted 225 flowering plants, of which he collected and brought home 193.

达尔文发现了225种开花的植物，其中他收集了193种。并把它们带回了国。

定语从句中"of＋which/whom"结构表示整体与部分的关系，介词of前或后加名词、代词、数词、复杂介词（如in front of）、形容词最高级等。

［例］The child was saved by a man, the name of whom was not known. 这个孩子被一位不知姓名的男子所救。

China has many rivers, the longest of which is the Yangtze River. 中国有众多河流，最长的是长江。