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gene

n.

基因

genetic

a.

遗传的,起源的

germ

n.

细菌,微生物

general

a.

1.总的,全部的 2.一般的,普遍的

 

n.

将军

generalize

v.

1.概括,归纳 2.使一般化,推广

generous

a.

慷慨的,宽宏大量的

homogeneous

a.

同类的,均匀的

gender

n.

性,性别

 

例:

gender discrimination 性歧视

genuine

a.

1.真正的,名副其实的 2.真诚的

genius

n.

天才,天才人物

ingenious

a.

1.(头脑)机灵的 2.精制的(指机器等) 3.有独创性的

homogeneous

a.

1.同类的,相似的 2.均匀的,同质的

generate

vt.

1.发生,产生(光,热,电等) 2.引起,导致

generation

n.

1.一代,一代人 2.产生,发生

degenerate

a.

堕落的

 

n.

堕落者

 

v.

堕落,蜕化

regenerative

a.

再生的,更生的

gentle

a.

1.和蔼的,温柔的 2.有礼貌的,文雅的

gentle 的近义词:

mild

a.

1.温和的 2.温暖的 3.(烟,酒)味淡的

benign

a.

(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的

 

例:

a benign climate 温和的气候;a benign tumor 良性瘤

1. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. (NETEM 1994 Passage 4, paragraph 3)
研究人员在70年代早期取得了很大进展,他们发现导致癌症的癌基因在正常细胞里是不活跃的。

2. Those did well on the memory test had increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that's the body's first line of defense against germs. (CET-4, 2005.12, Passage 3, paragraph 2)
那些在记忆测试中得分高的实验对象的免疫抗体A增高了。免疫抗体A是一种抗体,是身体抵抗病菌的第一道防线。

3. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. (NETEM 2001, Passage 3, Paragraph 7)
如果它能注意这个问题的话,它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目(这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工),进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层有着很大差异的记者。

4. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological. (NETEM 1996, Passage 4, paragraph 2)
在诸多形成因素中,我想特别指出这个国家优异的小学教育;欢迎新技术的劳动大军;对发明者进行奖励的做法;尤其是美国人在处理技术性事物所具有的非语言的空间思维才能。

5.Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. (CET-6, 2002.1, Passage 2, paragraph 4)
但它也非常大,人类非常聪明。

6. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. (NETEM 2005 Passage 3, paragraph 3)
多数人似乎在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦,而在快睡醒前会逐渐做开心一些的梦,这说明人们在梦里渐渐克服了白天所产生的不良情绪。

7. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. (NETEM 2003 Passage 4, paragraph 1)
死亡是正常的;我们的基因决定我们即使在最理想的环境里也会解体和灭亡。

8. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. (NETEM 1998 Passage 2, paragraph 2)
官方的统计数字却有点不让人乐观。

9. It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的)trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. (CET-6, 2002.1, Passage 2, paragraph 5)

正是在价格和市场运转不当的地方,这种良性趋势开始动摇起来,从而也现了真正的问题。

 

capture

vt.

1.捕获,俘获 2.夺得

 

n.

捕获,俘获

recapture

vt.

1.收复,收回,夺回 2.回想,回忆

captive

a.

被俘虏的,被监禁的

 

n.

俘虏,战俘

capable

a.

有本领的,有能力的

incapable

a.

1.不会的 2.无能力的

capability

n.

能力

capacity

n.

1.容量,容积 2.能力

captain

vt.

做...的首领,指挥

 

n.

1.首领,队长 2.船长,舰长 3.上尉

capital

n.

1.首都 2.大写字母 3.资本

 

a.

1.大写的 2.首位的,重要的

capitalism

n.

资本主义

其它关于"主义"的政治词汇:

imperialism

n.

帝国主义

socialism

n.

社会主义

communism

n.

共产主义

American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. (CET-4, 2001.6, Passage 4, paragraph 3)
美国的汽车制造商把提高产品质量作为夺回世界市场的一个方法。

communication

n.

1.交流,传达 2.(pl.)通讯系统 3.(pl.)交通工具

communicate

vi.

1.传达(消息,感情等) 2.交通,通讯

communism

n.

共产主义

community

n.

1.社区,社团,界 2.大众,公众

municipai

a.

市(政)的,市立的

immune

a.

1.(to)免疫的,不受影响的 2.免除的

communicate的近义词:

convey

vt.

1.传达,传播(思想等) 2.搬运,运送

1. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. (NETEM 2001 Passage 3, paragraph 4)
在最近一次调查中,问卷被送到了全国五座中等城市及一座大都市的记者手中,然后随机地给这些城市的居民打电话,问他们同样的问题。

2. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system. (CET-6, 1999.6, Passage 1, paragraph 1)
他相信,他证明了对事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系统的弱化,而不是由实验本身造成的。

3. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas .(NETEM 2005 Passage 3, paragraph 4)
作为语言学家,麦荷特认为各种各样的人类语言,包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言,都具有强大的表达力--世上没有传达不了复杂思想的语言或方言。

profile

n.

1.侧面(像) 2.轮廓,外形 3.人物简介

file

n.

1.档案 2.(计算机的)文件

 

vt.

1.把......归档 2.提出(申请等),提交

 

vi.

排成队行进

 

例:

filed out of the room. 从房里鱼贯而出。

1. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family". (NETEM 2001, Passage 5, Paragraph 1)
一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心,并阻断了我的事业发展,这促使我放弃了自己相对来说大有希望的事业,像一个名誉扫地的政府部长那样,我借口说"我想有更多的时间与家人呆在一起",以此来掩饰我的退出。
(注: lateral move不能译成"侧面人事调动",必须引申译为"平级的"。high profile意为"高姿态,引人注目,或大有希望的职业前景",其反义词是low profile。)

2. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. (CET-6, 1997.6, Passage 4, paragraph 1)
重要的是,一个人如果蒙上双眼,就不会引起婴儿的笑容,只给婴儿一个侧面,露出一只眼睛,也不能让他笑。

3. However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit in California claiming that the state's  ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (CET-6, 2002.1, Passage 3, paragraph 3)
但奇怪的是最近加利福尼亚的一些黑人家长提出诉讼,声称该州禁止智商测验的法令对他们的孩子有歧视,剥夺了他们接受测试的机会。

document

n.

文献

 

v.

证明

documentary

a.

文献的

 

n.

纪录片

doctrine

n.

1.教条,主义 2.学说

doctor

n.

1.医生 2.博士

1. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. (NETEM 2005 Passage 3, paragraph 4)
麦荷特显示先生从上层和下层文化中列举了一系列有趣的例子,从而说明他论证的这种趋势是确凿无误的。

2. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. (NETEM 2001 Passage 5, paragraph 3)
我已经发现放弃"忙忙碌碌"的生活哲学,转而过一种"放慢生活节奏"的生活,所带来的回报比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。凯希因压力过大而辞去了《她》杂志编辑一职,辞职一事闹得纷纷扬扬之后,她也许会有同样的发现。
(注:句子的主干结构是I have discovered...that....,后面的宾语从句的主语是abandoning...和making...,本句子关键的地方是插入成分不好理解。其中两个after都是表时间。as perhaps Kelsey will后面省略了discover。另外,She是一本杂志名,所以大写。而build up意为"增加,积聚",例如:a military buildup增加军备)

fiber

n.

1.纤维,纤维质 2.质地,结构

fabric

n.

1.织物 2.构造,结构

fabricate

v.

1.制造,装配 2.捏造,伪造

factor

n.

1.因素 2.因子,系数

facility

n.

1.容易,简易 2.便利 3.设备,工具

facilitate

vt.

使容易,使便利

faculty

n.

1.本领,才能 2.全体教员 3.(大学的)系,学院

 

例:

the imaginative faculty 想象力

1. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem-too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem. (CET-6, 2002.6, Passage 2, paragraph 5)
消化系统癌症的相关危险可能更多的是饮食问题--脂肪太多、纤维缺乏--而不是体重问题。

2. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. (CET-4, 1997.1, Passage 1, paragraph 3)
在一定范围内,顾客可以选择质地和款式。

3. Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting. (CET-6, 1995.1 Passage 4, paragraph 5)
现在,这一本可以造福千家万家的完美设施,却呆在那里生锈。

4. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. (NETEM 1995 Passage 3, paragraph 4)
技术的发展促进了信息分享、信息存储和信息传递,这就使更多的人得到更多的信息。

5. Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. (CET-6, 1999.1, Passage 4, paragraph 2)
尽管成为一所优秀大学的关键因素是高质量的教职员工,但卡内基研究报告仍发现许多大学在鼓励杰出的教学方式方面做得很少。