一. 第二次英美战争和美国现代化的起步

1.第二次英美战争

 独立战争       The War of Independence, 1775-1783

 第二次独立战争The Second War of Independence, 1812-1815

(1)战争背景

A. 英国仍控制美国的经济命脉

B. 英国仍控制主要经济要塞

C. 英法矛盾加剧,美国卷入其中

(2)战争经过

杰克森保卫新奥尔良Jackson's Defense of New Orleans, 1814-1815

(3)结果

根特条约Treaty of Ghent, 1814

(4)影响

美利坚合众国正式踏上工业化和现代化的道路

幸福时代The Era of Good Feeling, 1815-1824

Gains of the War

The United States gained no territory after all this fighting on sea and land. But what was of far greater importance, the American people began to think of itself as a nation. Americans no longer looked to France or to England as models to be followed. They became Americans. The getting of this feeling of independence and of nationality was a very great step forward. It is right, therefore, to speak of this war as the Second War of Independence.

战争的收益

经过所有这些在海上和陆地上的战斗,美国没有获得任何领土。但是,最为重要的是,美国人民现在开始认为美国是一个民族,美国人民不再把法国人或是英国人作为自己的榜样,他们变成了美国人。获得这种关于独立和民族的感情是一个巨大的进步。因此,有理由认为这场战争是美国的第二次独立战争。

二.新英格兰发展成美国的“核心地区”

1.地理优势

triangular trade “三角贸易‘

2.美国的工业革命Industrial Revolution

3.民族经济进一步发展

美国的现代化正式启动         

三.南部”棉花王国“的兴起

1.由烟草种植向棉花王国发展

惠特尼发宁的轧棉机(1793年)

2.棉花王国的三个中心The Cotton Kingdom

对黑人的称呼:

 Negro

 Black people

 The black

 The African Americans

四. 大陆扩张以及大西部拓殖

1. 1783年的美国

2. 1860年的美国
买下路易斯安那The Louisiana Purchase, 1803

墨西哥战争The Mexican War 1848

五. 伊利运河与国内三角贸易

The Erie Canal

The best way to connect one steamboat route with another was to dig a canal. The most famous of all these canals was the one connecting the Hudson River with Lake Erie, and called the Erie Canal. It was begun in 1817 and was completed so that a boat could pass through it in 1825. Other canals were marvels of skill. But they were not so favorably situated as the Erie Canal and could not compete with it successfully.

伊利运河

连通两条汽船的最好的方法是开挖一条运河,这些运河中最著名的是一条连接哈得孙河与伊利湖的运河,人们称它为伊利运河。1817年开始挖掘这条运河,到挖通通航已经是1825年。其他运河都是技术的杰作。但是伊利运河地理位置重要,人们对它的赞誉最多,其他运河都不能与之相比。

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