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West Nile
Molecular Ecology
In 1999 West Nile virus infected its first American, in New York. By 2004, the disease had spread across the country. Researchers speculated that, for the disease to spread so far so quickly, birds must have helped. Some species could carry the disease and pass it on to mosquitoes, which would then infect humans. But a report published March 2nd in the journal Molecular Ecology says mosquitoes didn't need a middleman. Or in this case, a middle bird. Researchers noticed that West Nile virus didn't move north-south along migratory bird routes. Nor did it "leap frog" across large areas in the manner of a bird traveling far from where it was infected. The scientists focused on a different suspect and obtained mosquito DNA from 20 sites in the western U.S. They found three clusters of a species known to carry West Nile. Surprisingly, they found extensive gene flow between these populations, which meant mosquitoes traveled between groups. In some cases, these mosquitoes covered a range just as large as that of the birds first fingered in the outbreak. So bird lovers take heart, your feathered friends are innocent avians.
1999年,在纽约发现了第一例感染西尼罗河病毒的美国人。而在2004年的时候,该疾病已经蔓延至整个国家。研究者推测,该疾病之所以可以又快又广的传播,鸟类肯定难逃其咎。一些鸟可以携带这些疾病并将其传递给蚊子,而后者恰好导致人类感染该疾病。但是3月2日发表在分子生态学杂志的一篇报道认为,蚊子并不需要中间人,或者准确的说,中间鸟。 研究者注意到西尼罗河病毒并没有沿着鸟类迁徙路线而进行南北向的移动。同时它也没有随着鸟类飞行从鸟类最初被感染的地方,以“类似蛙跳”的方式跨过大片区域。 这些科学家将注意力集中到了一个全新的假设,并且从美国西部的20个位置获取了蚊子DNA样本。其中他们找到了一种已知可以携带西尼罗河病毒的蚊子的三个不同种群。令人惊讶的是,他们发现在这些种群中存在着广泛的基因交流,意味着蚊子也会在不同种群中迁徙。在某些情况下,这些蚊子迁徙的距离刚刚好与鸟类迁徙的距离相同,并且造成了疾病爆发。因此爱鸟之人可以放心了,你的长满羽毛的朋友只是无辜的鸟而已。 ——译文来自: fyokxx