为何女性物理学家不多，具有高级职称的也少呢？有一个因素--无意识的偏见--可能就是影响女性物理学家进步，甚至使女性无法成为物理学翘楚的罪魁祸首。
提示：Amy Bug；Swarthmore University
Why aren't there more women physicists,and in senior positions?One factor may be unconscious biases that could keep women physicists from advancing—and may even prevent women from going into physics in the first place.Amy Bug,a physicist at Swarthmore University,examined the bias question.Her research team trained four actors—two men,two women—to give a 10-minute physics lecture.Real physics classes watched the lecturers.Then the 126 students were surveyed.When it came to questions of physics ability—whether the lecturer had a good grasp of the material,and knew how to use the equipment—male lecturers got higher ratings by both male and female students.But when asked how well the lecturer relates to the students,each gender preferred their own.And while female students gave a slight preference to female lecturers,male students overwhelmingly rated the male lecturers as being superior.The research appears in the journal Physics World.Bug says the results may be evidence of inherent biases that could hold women back—along with economic inequalities,such as lower wages and smaller start-up grants.Which reduce career acceleration and thus the amount of force available to crack the glass ceiling.
为何女性物理学家不多，具有高级职称的也少呢？有一个因素--无意识的偏见--可能就是影响女性物理学家进步，甚至使女性无法成为物理学翘楚的罪魁祸首。艾米·巴格，斯沃斯莫尔学院的一名物理学家，曾调查了这个偏见问题。她的研究小队训练了4名表演者--两男两女---给她们十分钟期做物理学讲座，由货真价值的物理系学生去观看讲座。然后对126名学生进行调查。当表演者们被质疑其物理学科水平时，比如演讲者是否有对材料有很好掌握，是否知道如何使用设备，男性演讲者从学生中得到的评价更高。但是当问及演讲者与学生间的互动时，他们更认同与自己同性别的演讲者。不过女性学生仅表示出一丝对女性演讲者的偏爱，而大多数男性学生则认为其男性演讲者更优秀。此研究发表在《物理世界》期刊上。巴格认为此项研究结果就是固有偏见的证据，更别说其他经济上的不平等，比如更低的工资和更少的启动津贴。这些都会降低职业上的腾升速度，从而更难以积蓄力量打破升迁瓶颈了。