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2023年12月英语四级翻译常考话题预测（4）：中国文学类

预测一

唐诗(Tang poetry)是中国珍贵的文化遗产，在中国文学和诗歌中占据重要地位。唐朝是中国诗歌的黄金时代，《全唐诗》(Complete Tang Poems)收录了2200多位诗人所作的近5万首唐诗。唐代的诗人特别多，李白、杜甫、白居易是世界闻名的伟大诗人。唐诗的题材非常广泛，从自然现象、政治动态(dynamics)到社会风俗、个人感受，几乎包括生活的方方面面。《唐诗三百首》(300 Tang Poems)是后人编选的最受欢迎的唐诗集，在现代社会流传广泛，很多诗歌被中国的中小学语文教科书所采用。

参考译文：

The Tang poetry, a precious cultural heritage of China, occupied a significant place in the field of Chinese literature and Chinese poetry. Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry. The Complete Tang Poems collected almost 50,000 Tang poems written by over 2,200 poets. There were a large number of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi were the greatest poets renowned in the world. The subjects of Tang poetry were rather extensive, ranging from natural phenomena and political dynamics to social customs and personal feelings, embracing almost every aspect of people's lives. The 300 Tang Poems was a collection of the most popular Tang poems compiled by the later generations. In modern society, it is so widespread that many of the poems have been adopted in the Chinese language textbooks of primary schools and secondary schools.

预测二

宋词(Song Ci)是古代诗歌的一种，可以配乐歌唱，又称曲子词。因为宋词句子长短不一，所以又称“长短句(Changduanju)”。词有各种曲调，因此演唱方式多种多样。词在宋朝达到鼎盛时期。和唐诗一样，宋词在中国文学史上占有重要地位。在词的发展过程中，涌现出很多杰出的词人，如苏轼、李清照、辛弃疾、陆游等。如今宋词仍然很受欢迎。《宋词三百首》(Three Hundred Song Ci Poems)一书非常流行，很多著名的词作都被重新谱曲演唱。

参考译文：

Song Ci is one form of ancient poetry and can be sung to music， thus it's also called musical Ci poetry. Since the length of the lines in a Ci poem can vary, it is also called Changduanju (lines of irregular lengths). Due to various tunes used for them, Ci poems can be sung in different ways. Ci poetry reached its peak during the Song Dynasty. Like Tang poetry, Song Ci poetry plays an important role in the history of Chinese literature as well. In the process of its development, a lot of prominent Ci composers appeared such as Su Shi, LiQingzhao, Xin Qiji, Lu You, etc. Song Ci remains popular even today. The book Three Hundred Song Ci Poems is very popular, and a good number of famous Ci poems have been set to new tunes for singing.

预测三

元曲(Yuan opera)是中国一种别具一格的文学形式和戏剧形式。它首先流行于民间，内容充满了生活气息。元曲有固定的格式，但相比于唐诗宋词(Tang and Song poetry)，有较大的灵活性。历史上涌现了一批杰出元曲剧作家(playwright)，其中以关汉卿最负盛名。元曲和唐诗宋词一样，是中国古典文学的重要组成部分。元曲的兴起对于中国民族诗歌的发展和文化的繁荣有着深远的影响。

参考译文：

Yuan opera is a characteristic form of literature and drama in China. It first became popular among common people as its content was full of the flavor of life. Yuan opera has its own fixed form but is quite more flexible compared with Tang and Song poetry. There appeared in history a number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous, like Tang and Song poetry. Yuan opera is an important part of Chinese classical literature. The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China.

预测四

明清两朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)是中国小说的繁荣时期。从思想和主題方面来说，这个时代的小说包含了传统文化的精神，充分显示出其文学价值和社会作用。在文学史上，明清小说具有与唐诗、宋词、元曲（Tang Shi, Song Ci and Yuan Qu）一样重要的地位。中国文学四大名著(Four Great Works of literature）都是明清时期的代表作品。这些享有世界声誉的作品都已经被改编成影视剧，受到中外观众的喜爱。

参考译文：

The Ming and Qing Dynasties are times of prosperity for Chinese novels. From the aspects of both ideas and themes, the novels in this period have contained the soul of traditional culture, fully displaying its value of literature and social effects. In the history of literature, Ming-Qing novels are as important as Tang Shi, Song Ci and Yuan Qu. All the Chinese Four Great Works of literature are representative works of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. These world-famous works have been adapted into films and TV series which are popular with Chinese and foreign audiences. 

预测五

尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。

参考译文：

Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god’s wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people’s comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.

预测六

与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显着。

参考译文：

 Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance, and myths passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the book of songs are the earliest writings that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on Chinese literature.

预测七

在中国的南方和北方，饮食差异很大，也就是说，北方厨师（chef）所烹饪的菜肴口味更重，而在南方的食谱（recipe）中，菜肴的味道相对清淡。有时我们说南方菜肴的美味在于它的甜度和新鲜。在中国的一些省份，如宁夏、河北、四川、陕西和云南，餐食多为辣味，这是由于湿冷的天气和高海拔（high altitude）所导致的。人们认为出汗是预防湿冷气候导致的疾病的一个好方法。

参考译文：

There is a big difference in the diets between Northern and Southern China, that is, the dishes made by Northern chefs have a heavier taste, and those are comparably light in Southern chefs' recipes. Sometimes, we say it is tasty as sweet and fresh in Southern dishes. In some provinces of China like Ningxia, Hebei, Sichuan, Shanxi, and Yunnan, the diets are made hot and spicy because of the humid cold weather and high altitude.  People believe that to sweat is a good method for preventing diseases caused by humidity and cold.