【阅读】

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Geoff Brash

Geoff Brash, who died in 2010, was a gregarious Australian businessman and philanthropist who encouraged the young to reach their potential.

Born in Melbourne to Elsa and Alfred Brash, he was educated at Scotch College. His sister, Barbara, became a renowned artist and printmaker. His father, Alfred, ran the Brash retail music business that had been founded in 1862 by his grandfather, the German immigrant Marcus Brasch, specialising in pianos. It carried the slogan 'A home is not a home without a piano.,

In his young days, Brash enjoyed the good life, playing golf and sailing, and spending some months travelling through Europe, having a leisurely holiday. He worked for a time at Myer department stores before joining the family business in 1949, where he quickly began to put his stamp on things. In one of his first management decisions, he diverged from his father's sense of frugal aesthetics by re-carpeting the old man's office while he was away. After initially complaining of his extravagance, his father grew to accept the change and gave his son increasing responsibility in the business.

After World War II (1939 – 1945), Brash's had begun to focus on white goods, such as washing machines and refrigerators, as the consumer boom took hold. However, while his father was content with the business he had built, the younger Brash viewed expansion as vital. When Geoff Brash took over as managing director in 1957, the company had two stores, but after floating it on the stock exchange the following year, he expanded rapidly and opened suburban stores, as well as buying into familiar music industry names such as Allans, Palings and Suttons. Eventually, 170 stores traded across the continent under the Brash's banner.

Geoff Brash learned from his father's focus on customer service. Alfred Brash had also been a pioneer in introducing a share scheme for his staff, and his son retained and expanded the plan following the float.

Geoff Brash was optimistic and outward looking. As a result, he was a pioneer in both accessing and selling new technology, and developing overseas relationships. He sourced and sold electric guitars, organs, and a range of other modern instruments, as well as state-of-the-art audio and video equipment. He developed a relationship with Taro Kakehashi, the founder of Japan's Roland group, which led to a joint venture that brought electronic musical devices to Australia.

In 1965, Brash and his wife attended a trade fair in Guangzhou, the first of its kind in China; they were one of the first Western business people allowed into the country following Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution. He returned there many times, helping advise the Chinese in establishing a high quality piano factory in Beijing; he became the factory's agent in Australia. Brash also took leading jazz musicians Don Burrows and James Morrison to China, on a trip that reintroduced jazz to many Chinese musicians.

 

He stood down as Executive Chairman of Brash's in 1988, but under the new management debt became a problem, and in 1994 the banks called in administrators. The company was sold to Singaporean interests and continued to trade until 1998, when it again went into administration. The Brash name then disappeared from the retail world. Brash was greatly disappointed by the collapse and the eventual disappearance of the company he had run for so long. But it was not long before he invested in a restructured Allan's music business.

Brash was a committed philanthropist who, in the mid-1980s, established the Brash Foundation, which eventually morphed, with other partners, into the Soundhouse Music Alliance. This was a not-for-profit organisation overseeing and promoting multimedia music making and education for teachers and students. The Soundhouse offers teachers and young people the opportunity to get exposure to the latest music technology, and to use this to compose and record their own music, either alone or in collaboration. The organisation has now also established branches in New Zealand, South Africa and Ireland, as well as numerous sites around Australia.

 

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

Write

TRUE        if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE        if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN     if there is no information on this

 

1       The Brash business originally sold pianos.

2       Geoff Brash's first job was with his grandfather’s company.

3       Alfred Brash thought that his son wasted money.

4       By the time Geoff Brash took control, the Brash business was selling some electrical products.

5       Geoff Brash had ambitions to open Brash stores in other countries.

 

Questions 6-10

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR/A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

6   Which arrangement did Alfred Brash set up for his employees?

7   Which Japanese company did Geoff Brash collaborate with?

8   What type of event in China marked the beginning of Geoff Brash's relationship with that country?

9   What style of music did Geoff Brash help to promote in China?

10  When did the Brash company finally stop doing business?

Questions 11-13

Complete the notes below.

Soundhouse Music Alliance

  • Grew out of the Brash Foundation.
  • A non-commercial organization providing support for music and music

11 __________

  • Allows opportunities for using up-to-date 12 __________
  • Has 13 __________ in several countries.

 

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

 

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Questions 14-19

Reading Passage 2 has SEVEN sections, A-G.

Choose the correct heading for sections A-F from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-viii.

List of Headings

  1. Outbreaks of plague as a result of military campaigns.
  2. Systematic intelligence-gathering about external cases of plague.
  3. Early forms of treatment for plague victims.
  4. The general limitations of early Russian anti-plague measures.
  5. Partly successful bans against foreign states affected by plague.
  6. Hostile reactions from foreign states to Russian anti-plague measures.
  7. Various measures to limit outbreaks of plague associated with war.
  8. The formulation and publication of preventive strategies.

14   Section A ____________

15   Section B ____________

16   Section C ____________

17   Section D ____________

18   Section E ____________

19   Section F ____________

 

 

Measures to combat infections disease in tsarist Russia

 

A In the second half of the seventeenth century, Russian authorities began implementing controls at the borders of their empire to prevent the importation of plague, a highly infectious and dangerous disease. Information on disease outbreak occurring abroad was regularly reported to the tsar's court through various means, including commercial channels (travelling merchants), military personnel deployed abroad, undercover agents, the network of Imperial Foreign Office embassies and representations abroad, and the customs offices. For instance, the heads of customs offices were instructed to question foreigners entering Russia about possible epidemics of dangerous diseases in their respective countries.

B If news of an outbreak came from abroad, relations with the affected country were suspended. For instance, foreign vessels were not allowed to dock in Russian ports if there was credible information about the existence of epidemics in countries from whence they had departed. In addition, all foreigners entering Russia from those countries had to undergo quarantine. In 1665, after receiving news about a plague epidemic in England, Tsar Alexei wrote a letter to King Charles II in which he announced the cessation of Russian trade relations with England and other foreign states. These protective measures appeared to have been effective, as the country did not record any cases of plague during that year and in the next three decades. It was not until 1692 that another plague outbreak was recorded in the Russian province of Astrakhan. This epidemic continued for five months and killed 10,383 people, or about 65 percent of the city's population. By the end of the seventeenth century, preventative measures had been widely introduced in Russia, including the isolation of persons ill with plague, the imposition of quarantines, and the distribution of explanatory public health notices about plague outbreaks.

C During the eighteenth century, although none of the occurrences was of the same scale as in the past, plague appeared in Russia several times. For instance, from 1703 to 1705, a plague outbreak that had ravaged Istanbul spread to the Podolsk and Kiev provinces in Russia, and then to Poland and Hungary. After defeating the Swedes in the battle of Poltava in 1709, Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great) dispatched part of his army to Poland, where plague had been raging for two years. Despite preventive measures, the disease spread among the Russian troops. In 1710, the plague reached Riga (then part of Sweden, now the capital of Latvia), where it was active until 1711 and claimed 60,000 lives. During this period, the Russians besieged Riga and, after the Swedes had surrendered the city in 1710, the Russian army lost 9,800 soldiers to the plague. Russian military chronicles of the time note that more soldiers died of the disease after the capture of Riga than from enemy fire during the siege of that city.

D Tsar Peter I imposed strict measures to prevent the spread of plague during these conflicts. Soldiers suspected of being infected were isolated and taken to areas far from military camps. In addition, camps were designed to separate divisions, detachments, and smaller units of soldiers. When plague reached Narva (located in present-day Estonia) and threatened to spread to St. Petersburg, the newly built capital of Russia, Tsar Peter I ordered the army to cordon off the entire boundary along the Luga River, including temporarily halting all activity on the river. In order to prevent the movement of people and goods from Narva to St Petersburg and Novgorod, roadblocks and checkpoints were set up on all roads. The tsar's orders were rigorously enforced, and those who disobeyed were hung.

E However, although the Russian authorities applied such methods to contain the spread of the disease and limit the number of victims, all of the measures had a provisional character: they were intended to respond to a specific outbreak, and were not designed as a coherent set of measures to be implemented systematically at the first sign of plague. The advent of such a standard response system came a few years later.

F The first attempts to organise procedures and carry out proactive steps to control plague date to the aftermath of the 1727-1728 epidemic in Astrakhan. In response to this, the Russian imperial authorities issued several decrees aimed at controlling the future spread of plague. Among these decrees, the 'Instructions for Governors and Heads of Townships' required that all governors immediately inform the Senate a government body created by Tsar Peter I in 1711 to advise the monarch if plague cases were detected in their respective provinces.

Furthermore, the decree required that governors ensure the physical examination of all persons suspected of carrying the disease and their subsequent isolation. In addition, it was ordered that sites where plague victims were found had to be encircled by checkpoints and isolated for the duration of the outbreak. These checkpoints were to remain operational for at least six weeks.

The houses of infected persons were to be burned along with all of the personal property they contained, including farm animals and cattle. The governors were instructed to inform the neighbouring provinces and cities about every plague case occurring on their territories. Finally, letters brought by couriers were heated above a fire before being copied.

G The implementation by the authorities of these combined measures demonstrates their intuitive understanding of the importance of the timely isolation of infected people to limit the spread of plague.

 

Questions 20-21

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Write the correct letters.

Which TWO measures did Russia take in the seventeenth century to avoid plague outbreaks?

A       Cooperation with foreign leaders.

B       Spying.

C       Military campaigns.

D      Restrictions on access to its ports.

E       Expulsion of foreigners.

 

Questions 22-23

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Write the correct letters.

Which TWO statements are made about Russia in the early eighteenth century?

A   Plague outbreaks were consistently smaller than before.

B   Military casualties at Riga exceeded the number of plague victims.

C   The design of military camps allowed plague to spread quickly.

D   The tsar's plan to protect St Petersburg from plague was not strictly implemented.

E   Anti-plague measures were generally reactive rather than strategic.

 

 

Questions 24-26

Complete the sentences below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

24  An outbreak of plague in _________ prompted the publication of a coherent preventative strategy.

25 Provincial governors were ordered to burn the _________ and possessions of plague victims.

26 Correspondence was held over a _________ prior to copying it.

 

 

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage

Recovering a damaged reputation

In 2009, it was revealed that some of the information published by the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit (CRU) in the UK, concerning climate change, had been inaccurate. Furthermore, it was alleged that some of the relevant statistics had been withheld from publication. The ensuing controversy affected the reputation not only of that institution, but also of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with which the CRU is closely involved, and of climate scientists in general. Even if the claims of misconduct and incompetence were eventually proven to be largely untrue, or confined to a few individuals, the damage was done. The perceived wrongdoings of a few people had raised doubts about the many.

The response of most climate scientists was to cross their fingers and hope for the best, and they kept a low profile. Many no doubt hoped that subsequent independent inquiries into the IPCC and CRU would draw a line under their problems. However, although these were likely to help, they were unlikely to undo the harm caused by months of hostile news reports and attacks by critics.

The damage that has been done should not be underestimated. As Ralph Cicerone, the President of the US National Academy of Sciences, wrote in an editorial in the journal Science: 'Public opinion has moved toward the view that scientists often try to suppress alternative hypotheses and ideas and that scientists will withhold data and try to manipulate some aspects of peer review to prevent dissent.' He concluded that 'the perceived misbehavior of even a few scientists can diminish the credibility of science as a whole.,

An opinion poll taken at the beginning of 2010 found that the proportion of people in the US who trust scientists as a source of information about global warming had dropped from 83 percent, in 2008, to 74 percent. Another survey carried out by the British Broadcasting Corporation in February 2010 found that just 26 percent of British people now believe that climate change is confirmed as being largely human-made, down from 41 percent in November 2009.

Regaining the confidence and trust of the public is never easy. Hunkering down and hoping for the best – climate science's current strategy – makes it almost impossible. It is much better to learn from the successes and failures of organisations that have dealt with similar blows to their public standing.

In fact, climate science needs professional help to rebuild its reputation. It could do worse than follow the advice given by Leslie Gaines-Ross, a 'reputation strategist' at Public Relations (PR) company Weber Shandwick, in her recent book Corporate Reputation: 12 Steps to Safeguarding and Recovering Reputation. Gaines-RossJs strategy is based on her analysis of how various organisations responded to crises, such as desktop-printer firm Xerox, whose business plummeted during the 1990s, and the USA's National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) after the Columbia shuttle disaster in 2003.

The first step she suggests is to 'take the heat – leader first'. In many cases, chief executives who publicly accept responsibility for corporate failings can begin to reverse the freefall of their company's reputations, but not always. If the leader is held at least partly responsible for the fall from grace, it can be almost impossible to convince critics that a new direction can be charted with that same person at the helm.

This is the dilemma facing the heads of the IPCC and CRU. Both have been blamed for their organisations, problems, not least for the way in which they have dealt with critics, and both have been subjected to public calls for their removal. Yet both organisations appear to believe they can repair their reputations without a change of leadership.

The second step outlined by Gaines-Ross is to 'communicate tirelessly'. Yet many climate researchers have avoided the media and the public, at least until the official enquiries have concluded their reports. This reaction may be understandable, but it has backfired. Journalists following the story have often been unable to find spokespeople willing to defend climate science. In this case, 'no comment, is commonly interpreted as an admission of silent, collective guilt.

Remaining visible is only a start, though; climate scientists also need to be careful what they say. They must realise that they face doubts not just about their published results, but also about their conduct and honesty. It simply won't work for scientists to continue to appeal to the weight of the evidence, while refusing to discuss the integrity of their profession. The harm has been increased by a perceived reluctance to admit even the possibility of mistakes or wrongdoing.

The third step put forward by Gaines-Ross is 'don't underestimate your critics and competitors'. This means not only recognising the skill with which the opponents of climate research have executed their campaigns through Internet blogs and other media, but also acknowledging the validity of some of their criticisms. It is clear, for instance, that climate scientists need better standards of transparency, to allow for scrutiny not just by their peers, but also by critics from outside the world of research.

It is also important to engage with those critics. That doesn't mean conceding to unfounded arguments which are based on prejudice rather than evidence, but there is an obligation to help the public understand the causes of climate change, as well as the options for avoiding and dealing with the consequences.

To begin the process of rebuilding trust in their profession, climate scientists need to follow these three steps. But that is just the start. Gaines-Ross estimates that it typically takes four years for a company to rescue and restore a broken reputation.

Winning back public confidence is a marathon, not a sprint, but you can't win at all if you don't step up to the starting line.

 

Questions 27-40

Questions 27-32

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?

Write

YES                     if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO                     if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN     if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

 

27     If a majority of scientists at the CRU were cleared of misconduct, the public would be satisfied.

28     In the aftermath of the CRU scandal, most scientists avoided attention.

29     Journalists have defended the CRU and the IPCC against their critics.

30     Ralph Cicerone regarded the damage caused by the CRU as extending beyond the field of climate science.

31     Since 2010confidence in climate science has risen slightly in the US.

32     Climate scientists should take professional advice on regaining public confidence.

 

Questions 33-36

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

33     In accordance with Gaines-Ross^ views, the heads of the CRU and IPCC should have

A resigned from their posts.

B accepted responsibility and continued in their posts.

C shifted attention onto more junior staff.

D ignored the criticisms directed at them.

 

34     Which mistake have staff at the CRU and IPCC made?

A They have blamed each other for problems.

B They have publicly acknowledged failings.

C They have avoided interviews with the press.

D They have made conflicting public statements.

 

35     People who challenge the evidence of climate change have generally

A presented their case poorly.

B missed opportunities for publicity.

C made some criticisms which are justified.

D been dishonest in their statements.

 

36     What does the reference to 'a marathon' indicate in the final paragraph?

A The rate at which the climate is changing.

B The competition between rival theories of climate change.

C The ongoing need for new climate data.

D The time it might take for scientists to win back confidence.

 

Questions 37-40

Complete the summary using the list of words/phrases, A-H, below.

Controversy about climate science

The revelation, in 2009that scientists at the CRU had presented inaccurate information and concealed some of their 37_____ had a serious effect on their reputation. In order to address the problem, the scientists should turn to experts in 38 _____.

 

Leslie Gaines-Ross has published 39_____ based on studies of crisis management in commercial and public-sector organisations. Amongst other things, Gaines-Ross suggests that climate scientists should confront their 40    _____.

 

A critics     B corruption           C statistics    D guidelines

E managers    F public relations    G sources     H computer modelling

 

 

Keys:

Reading Passage 1

1

T

PARAGRAPH 2

'His father... ran the Brash retail music business that had been founded in 1862 ... specialising in pianos.'

2

F

PARAGRAPH 3

Brash's first job was with Myer department stores before he joined the family business.

3

 

T

PARAGRAPH 3

'After initially complaining of his extravagance. his father grew to accept the change, and gave Geoff increasing responsibility '

4

T

PARAGRAPH 4 tells us that after World War II Brash's had focused on 'white goods' before Geoff Brash took over in 1957.

5

NG

Although the passage describes relationships with businesses in Japan and China, it does not tell the reader if Brash considered opening stores in other countries.

6

(a) share scheme

PARAGRAPH 5

Alfred Brash had also been a pioneer in introducing a share scheme for his staff

7

Roland/ Roland group/ the Roland group

PARAGRAPH 6

'He developed a relationship with ... the founder of Japan's Roland group ...'

8

(a) trade fair

PARAGRAPH 7

In 1965, Brash ... attended a trade fair ...'

9

jazz

PARAGRAPH 7

'... a trip that reintroduced jazz to many Chinese musicians.'

10

1998

PARAGRAPH 8

The company was sold to Singaporean interests and continued to trade until 1998 ...'

11

education

PARAGRAPH 9 '... promoting multi-media music making and education for teachers and students.'

12

technology

PARAGRAPH 9 '... offer teachers and young people the opportunity to get exposure to the latest music technology ...'

13

branches

PARAGRAPH 9

'The organisation has now also established branches in New Zealand, South Africa and Ireland, as well as ... Australia.'

 

 

Reading Passage 2

14

ii

Section A describes how in the seventeenth century Russian authorities used a variety of means to find out about and prevent the import of plague from foreign countries.

15

V

Section B shows that there was some success in preventing the import of the plague, though not total prevention.

16

i

Section C explains how Russian involvement in wars with other countries allowed the spread of the plague to Russian soldiers.

17

vii

Section D describes how the Tsar Peter 1 tried to limit the spread of the plague in a variety of ways.

18

iv

Section E summarises the measures taken by the Russian authorities as being limited in their success by being too piecemeal.

19

viii

Section F shows how a coherent preventive strategy was developed for more systematic control of plague.

  1. and

21

B and D

PARAGRAPH A says that: 'Information on disease outbreak occurring abroad was regularly reported to the tsar's court through various means, including ... undercover agents... '(B)

PARAGRAPH B says that:

'... foreign vessels were not allowed to dock in Russian ports if there was credible information about the existence of epidemics in countries from whence they had departed.'(D)

  1. and

23

A and E

PARAGRAPH C explains that: '... none of the occurrences was of the same scale as in the past... (A)

PARAGRAPH E summarises the ad-hoc nature of the anti-plague measures:

'... all of the measures had a provisional character: they were intended to respond to a specific outbreak, and were not designed as a coherent set of measures to be implemented systematically at the first sign of plague. '(E)

24

Astrakhan

PARAGRAPH F

The first attempts to organise procedures and carry out proactive steps to control plague date to the aftermath of the 1727-1728 epidemic in Astrakhan.'

25

houses

PARAGRAPH F

'The houses of infected persons were to be burned along with all of the personal property they contained...'

26

fire

PARAGRAPH F

'... letters brought by couriers were heated above a fire before being copied...'

 

 

Reading Passage 3

27

N

PARAGRAPH 1 states that:

'Even if the claims of misconduct and incompetence were eventually proven to be largely untrue, or confined to a few individuals, the damage was done. The perceived wrongdoings of a few people had raised doubts about the many.'

28

Y

PARAGRAPH 2 confirms the statement by saying that the scientists kept a low profile and hoped for the best.

29

N

PARAGRAPH 2 shows the reaction of news reports to be hostile.

30

Y

PARAGRAPH 3 says that:

'[Ralph Cicerone] concluded that 'the perceived misbehavior of even a few scientists can diminish the credibility of science as a whole.'

31

NG

PARAGRAPH 4 Although the passage states that the US public's confidence in scientists, as a source of information about global warming, had dropped between 2008 and 2010, it does not tell us whether confidence has increased or decreased since 2010.

32

In PARAGRAPH 6, the writer suggests that climate scientists should take professional advice to help to rebuild their reputation.

33

A

PARAGRAPH 7

The first step Gaines-Ross suggests 'take the heat leader first,, meaning that the heads should resign.

34

C

PARAGRAPH 9 says that, contrary to the PR advice, 'many climate researchers have avoided the media and the public

35

C

PARAGRAPH 12 says that climate scientists should not be conceding to unfounded arguments which are based on prejudice rather than evidence …'

36

D

PARAGRAPH 14

Uses the term marathon to indicate the time it will take to rebuild confidence: a marathon race being a long distance race rather than a short sprint.

37

C

PARAGRAPH 1

'some of the relevant statistics had been withheld from publication.'

38

F

PARAGRAPH 6 '... climate science needs professional help to rebuild its reputation. It could ... follow the advice given by Leslie Gaines-Ross, a 'reputation strategist' at Public Relations (PR) company Weber Shandwick.'

39

D

PARAGRAPH 6

'In her recent book ' ... 2 steps to safeguarding and recovering reputation'. Gaines-Ross's strategy

40

A

PARAGRAPH 12

'It is also important to engage with those critics.'

 

 

【听力】

 

Section 1 & Section 2重点场景(生活类):出行交通,报名申请,旅游住宿,心理咨询。

Section 3 & Section 4重点场景(学术类):师生讨论,学术讲座,作业讨论,论文选题。

 

Section 1   Questions 1-10

Questions 1-5

Complete the notes below.

Write no more than two words and/or a number for each answer.

 

Transport from Bayswater

Example

Answer

  • Destination

Harbour City

  • Express train leaves at

1 _____

  • Nearest station is

2 _____

  • Number 706 bus goes to

3 _____

  • Number 4 _____ bus goes to station

 

  • Earlier bus leaves at

5 _____

 

Questions 6-10

Complete the table below.

Write no more than one word and/or a number for each answer.

Transport

Cash fare

Card fare

Bus

6 $ _____

S1.50

Train (peak)

$10

S10

Train (off-peak)

- before 5pm or after 7 _____ pm)

$10

8 $ _____

9 _____ ferry

$4.50

S3.55

Tourist ferry (10 _____ )

$35

-

Tourist ferry (whole day)

$65

-

 

 

Section2   Questions 11-20

Questions 11-14

Which counsellor should you see?

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 11-14.

 

A Louise Bagshaw

 

B Tony Denby

C Naomi Flynn

 

11  if it is your first time seeing a counsellor

12   if you are unable to see a counsellor during normal office hours

13   if you do not have an appointment

14   if your concerns are related to anxiety

 

Questions 15-20

Complete the table below.

Write no more than two words for each answer.

Workshop

Content

Target group

Adjusting

what you need to succeed academically

15 _____ students

Getting Organised

use time effectively, find 16 _____ between study and leisure

all students

Communicating

talking with staff, communicating across cultures

all students, especially 17 _____

Anxiety

18_____  breathing

techniques, meditation, etc.

students about to sit exams

19_____

staying on track for long periods

20 _____ students

only

 

 

Section 3

Questions 21 and 30

Complete the notes below.

Write no more than three words for each answer.

 

Novel: 21     _____

Protagonists: Mary Lennox; Colin Craven

Time period: Early in 22 _____

Plot: Mary - UK - meets Colin who thinks he'll never be able to 23 _____ . They become friends.

Point of view: “Omniscient” - narrator knows all about characters' feelings, opinions and 24 _____ Audience: Good for children - story simple to follow

Symbols (physical items that represent 25 _____ ):

  • the robin redbreast
  • 26 _____
  • the portrait of Mistress Craven
  • Motifs (patterns in the story):
  • the Garden of Eden
  • secrecy - metaphorical and literal transition from 27 _____
  • Themes: Connections between
  • 28 _____ and outlook
  • 29 _____ and well-being
  • individuals and the need for 30 _____

 

 

Section 4

Questions 31-35

Write ONLY ONE WORD for each answer.

 

Time Perspectives

Time Zone

Outlook

Features & Consequences

 

31 _____

Focus on disappointments, failures, bad decisions.

Present

Hedonistic

Live for 32 _____ ; seek sensation; avoid pain.

 

Fatalistic

Life is governed by 33 _____ religious beliefs,

social conditions. Life's path can't be changed.

Future

34 _____

Prefer work to play. Don't give in to temptation.

 

Fatalistic

Have a strong belief in life after death and importance of 35 _____ in life.

Questions 36-40

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

  1. We are all present hedonists

A at school

B at birth

C while eating and drinking

 

  1. American boys drop out of school at a higher rate than girls because

A they need to be in control of the way they learn

B they play video games instead of doing school work

C they are not as intelligent as girls

  1. Present-orientated children

A do not realise present actions can have negative future effects

B are unable to learn lessons from past mistakes

C know what could happen if they do something bad, but do it anyway

 

  1. If Americans had an extra day per week, they would spend it

A working harder

B building relationships

C sharing family meals

 

  1. Understanding how people think about time can help us

A become more virtuous

B work together better

C identify careless or ambitious people

 

 

Answer key

Section 1

1.    9.30(am)

2.    Helendale

3.    Central Street/St

4.    (number/no./#)792

5.    8.55(am)

6.    1.80

7.    7.30

8.    7.15

9.    commuter

10.  afternoon

 

Section 2

11.  C

12.  C

13.  A

14.  B

15.  first year

16.  (right) balance

17.  international / foreign (students)

18.  relaxation

19.  motivation

20.  research / advanced

 

Section 3

21. The Secret Garden

22. (the)twentieth      century

23. walk

24. motivations

25. abstract ideas

26. roses

27. dark(ness)     to light(ness)

28. health

29. environment

30. human companionship

 

Section 4

31. negative

32. pleasure

33. poverty

34. active

35. success

36. B

37. A

38. C

39. A

40. B

 

 

【口语】

 

最近30天口语话题TOP15

 

 

Part 1

Part 2&3

1

Work or studies

特别的一餐

2

Home/Accommodation

想去的国家/城市

3

Name

省钱

4

Hometown

感兴趣的历史时期

5

Dictionary

陪伴老人

6

Foreign food

童年玩具

7

Plant

有名的运动员

8

Sleep

近来喜事

9

Space travel

街市购物

10

Punctuality

需改进的公共场所

11

App

受欢迎的人

12

Killing time

乐于助人

13

News/newspaper

电视节目

14

Rainy days

集中精力

15

Outdoor activities

旅行想法

 

以下为本次考试部分高频话题解析:

 

Part 1

Physical exercises

 

What kinds of exercise do you do?

 

参考答案:

Well, personally, I am really fond of swimming, so I would go swimming a lot in summer, but when it comes to winter, I probably just go jogging a bit in the morning.

 

Do you think children should do exercises every day?

 

参考答案:

I don’t think it is necessary for them to work out every day as most of them have so much school work to do every day, but doing some exercise on a regular basis not only helps them relax, but also it helps them keep fit.

 

What was your favorite sport when you were young?

 

参考答案:

Well, when I was young, I used to like running as it was simple to do at school. I still remember I would often go running on the playground when I was at college.

 

What kind of exercises are popular in China?

 

参考答案:

Well, I am afraid to tell you that I cannot think of any popular exercises in my country as people do a variety of exercises depending on their preferences. However, I can see a lot of my neighbors playing badminton on weekends in my community.

 

 

Part 2 & 3

Part 2

 

Describe a place where you can read and write.

You should say:

Where this place it

How you know this place

What you usually do there

And explain why it is a good place for reading and writing.

 

提示:

此话题属于地点类话题, 所要描述的是“一个可以读书写字的地方”;可能使用的主要时态是过去时态 “一般现在时态”以及现在完成时态;在交代前三个“basic information”时, 我们可以思考在交代这三个信息时,它们之间逻辑顺序是否有必要调整, 以及是否需要添加额外的信息使整个描述更加完整; 比如, 我们应该在最开始就交代这个地方到底是什么(what is this place), 是图书馆, 咖啡厅还是书店等等, 接下来我们再来描述这个地方的具体地理位置,我们是如何知道这个地方的以及我们去那里一般都做些什么等等。

 

到最后解释,说明的部分,大家需要展开说明为什么这个地方适合读书和写字。

 

参考答案:

Well, talking about a place where I can read and write, I guess it must be a library because it does not only provide a place where I can borrow books, but more importantly I can always grab a book and start reading. Plus, it can also be a place for me to write something like a letter if I feel like it.

 

The library that I am talking about is located in our community, which makes it convenient for me to go on a regular basis. Therefore, I go there once or twice a month. I remember I’ve been visiting that library since I developed the habit of reading at the age of 10, and so far it’s been like more than 20 years.

 

When I was little, like at primary school, what I usually did at that library was to read some books for pleasure such as cartoons and comics or sometimes I just stayed there to complete my homework, but now as an adult, I often borrow reference books that are conducive to my career.

 

Frankly speaking, I believe it is a great library to visit although it is not amazingly big, it has a wide range of books that could satisfy people of all ages, as it is not only children that visit it quite often, but it attracts a number of elder people who seem to enjoy reading newspapers as well as journals there. Besides, you can always see young people trying to borrow various books, especially on weekends.

 

I personally like that library a lot also because it is so close to where I live, which makes it easy for me to visit on a regular basis. As I have been going to that library for so many years, I have to admit I have a special bond with that library, which is another reason I think it is a great place to read and write.

.

 

重点词汇及表达:

conducive 形容词; 有益的  有助的

EgWe tend to believe that each student must have learned a lot from that conducive lecture.

 

amazingly: 副词; 神奇的  诧异的

EgPeter is an amazingly reliable man, so I think you can totally trust him.

 

satisfy: 动词; 使人满意

Eg: With all the new facilities they just purchased from Italy, this gym will be able to better satisfy its customers.

 

special bond 名词短语; 特殊关系/纽带

EgMost of the students have a special bond with the school library so they are opposed to the idea that the school plans to pull it down for new teaching buildings.

 

Part 3题目

 

What kinds of books do children like in your country?

 

参考答案:

Well, children in China read many different sorts of books such as comics, novels, textbooks as well as magazines so it really depends on their age and personal preferences.

As for me, I remember I was so into comics in my childhood because they could always make me laugh. I can still recall that I couldn't stop reading it whenever my father got me a comic book.

 

重点词汇及表达:

①preference 名词;偏爱 倾向

EgNo matter what snack they give him, Peter’s preference is always potato chips.  

 

be into: 短语;喜欢  热爱

EgHe is so into Japanese movies that he even goes to cinemas a lot while he is travelling in Japan.

 

Why do more and more young people dislike reading?

 

参考答案:

Well, there must be quite a few reasons why a lot more young people dislike reading.

However, I believe the most striking one is that there is a lack of deep understanding on how reading can benefit people in the long run, which means reading might not have the power to do people good in the short run, but it actually does in the long run because it's not only the knowledge or skills that people gain from reading, but more importantly, people's mind can be nurtured through reading.

 

重点词汇及表达:

in the long run 副词短语;长期的  长久的

EgWorking out at a gym can not only help people stay in shape, but it does good to people’s health in the long run.

 

②in the short run : 副词短语; 短期的  在不久的将来

EgThis device will help you sleep better at nights in the short run, but I still suggest you go to a doctor to seek a better solution.

 

Who likes to read more in your country, elder people or young people?

 

Well, I think it really depends.

Some young people read more probably because they have to gain certain knowledge or skills for the work they do.

However, some elder people might also read more as they take reading as a leisure activity after they retire.

 

重点词汇及表达:

gain 动词; 得到 获得

EgPeople gain knowledge from various channels, but most young people seem to learn knowledge through internet.

 

②leisure : 名词; 休闲 空闲

EgPeople living in big cities seem to know better how they can entertain themselves with different leisure activities.

 

Are there many libraries in your country?

 

参考答案:

Well, I believe there must be numerous libraries in China as China is such a huge country. However, I don't think they're evenly located all over China, which means you can easily see many libraries, especially good ones in big cities like Shanghai, Beijing… but in rural areas like some remote villages in Northwest, you can barely see any libraries.

 

重点词汇及表达:

numerous 形容词;很多的 许多的

EgWith numerous options in those on-line stores, she does not know which one she is supposed to trust

 

evenly: 副词;均匀的 平均的

EgHe can always evenly divide everything to his team members so no one has ever complained.

 

本次口语解析由以下沪江留学老师产出

 

王栋老师

沪江网校首席雅思口语名师;雅思口语8分;英文专业8级;10年以上英文教学经验;获教育部“语言学教学资格证书”;剑桥大学TKT教师资格证书;国内本科英语教育专业;海外硕士国际贸易专业;美国华盛顿工作经验。

 

 

【写作】
 

本预测根据雅思写作的话题分类和出题规律,精选出以下真题,供广大烤鸭参考。

 

A类小作文:

数据类图表

非数据类图表

表格

饼图 (Hot)

流程图(Hot)

曲线图

柱图 (Hot)

地图(Hot)

 

小作文重点关注柱图、饼图,继续预警流程图和地图题。

 

以下为柱形图例题及范文解析:

 

题目:

You should spend 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below gives information about Southland’s main exports in 2000, 2018, and future projections for 2025.

 

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

 

Write at least 150 words.

 

Southland’s main exports in 2000 and 2018, and future projections for 2025

  

 

审题思路:

本篇柱形图(bar chart),主要展示了Southland地区过去(2000年)、现在(2018年)的主要出口商品状况,以及对未来2025年的推测,需要考生对主要信息进行总结、并对比相关信息。横轴分别是旅游业、奶制品和肉类三种主要出口项,纵轴是每项在不同年份对应的出口金额0-10( £billion)

 

解题思路:

既然涉及到三项产品、三个不同年份,又要抓要点、作对比,考生不妨先从三项产品体量的横向比较,例如出口份额最多的是旅游,而后奶制品,最后是肉类。然后再以每项出口产品内部随着时间变化的趋势,如旅游逐渐增长、奶制品增后略有回落、肉类持续下降。写作过程中、涉及到份额值的表述时,请一定记得写billion这一单位。此外,还应注意过去、现在、将来数据描述时对时态的精准把握。

 

参考范文:

 

The bar chart depicts the performance of three driving exports in Southland in 2000 and 2018, with their future projections for the year 2025. Overall, it can be observed that international tourism is likely to dominate among the three sectors, though dairy products will continue to stay strong.

 

In 2000, it is obvious that international tourism ranked first among the three export sectors, with its revenue exceeding a little over 8 billion pounds. Then the data has increased steadily, reaching a higher level at nearly 9 billion in 2018. It is predicted that the proceeds of international tourism will continue to rise to an approximate 10 billion pounds till 2025. 

 

The revenue of dairy products surged from around 7 billion pounds in 2000 to nearly 10 billion this year. It is estimated that exports in this sector may fall back slightly to approximately 9.5 billion in the future. 

 

Meat products remain the third major exports in Southland, with its revenue decreasing from 6 billion to roughly 5.5 billion in 2018. Experts predict there will be a further decline to 5 billion in 2025.

 

Word count: 183

 

重点表达:

depict: v. 描述

dominate: v. 占主导

surge: v. 飙升,激增

revenue, proceeds: n. 收入,收益

⑤文中加粗词汇表示大约,大概,近似,可交替使用。

 

本次机经真题解析由以下沪江留学老师产出

 

席瑛玮老师

沪江网校雅思老师,线上线下授课经验丰富,在大学有两年多出国留学课程及SQA专业课授课经验;云南师范大学英语和教育学双学士,东国大学研究生院国际商务硕士;获剑桥TKT资格证,British Council雅思教师培训证书,高中英语教师资格证书等。

 

A类大作文:

大作文重点关注政府类、教育类、环境类话题。

 

政府类(Hot)

教育类(Hot)

社会类

科技类

旅游类

工作类

犯罪类

媒体类

环境类(Hot)

其他类

 

教育类

Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. Do you agree or disagree

 

Nowadaysfull-time university students tend to focus on their studying. Some people think it is essential for university students to be involved in other activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 

In many countries, children are encouraged to take part in some paid work. Some people think this practice is unacceptable because it brings about negative impacts on the healthy development of children, while others maintain that paid work is conducive to children's growth, because it helps children to form a correct attitude and form a sense of responsibility. What's your opinion?

 

As scientists contribute more to the development of our society than other people do, science students should get more financial support from the government than other students. Do you agree or disagree?

 

Some people think that all young people should be required to have full-time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree

 

Schools should teach children some academic subjects which will be beneficial to their future careers. Therefore, other subjects such as music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

      

Some people think parents should read or tell stories to children. Others think parents needn’t do that as children can read books or watch TV, movies by themselves. Discuss the both views and give your own opinion.

 

社会类

Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people, while others think the purpose of museums should be to educate, not entertain. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

 

It is the only way to improve the safety on ours roads that give much strict punishment for driving offence. Do you agree?

 

Old people have their own ideas of how to think, behave and live. However, these are no longer suitable for young people in preparing their modern life. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

 

With the development of many countries, people start to live individually and live in very small family units. What are the causes? What effects does it have on society?

 

政府类

Some people think health care should be free for everyone, while others think they should pay medical costs for themselves. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

 

Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by government rather than private companies. Do you agree or disagree?

 

Some people think they have right to use as much fresh water as they want, while others believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water as it is limited resource. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

 

The government has the duty to ensure that its citizens have a healthy diet, while others believe this is individuals' responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

 

环境类

With the increasing demand for energy sources of oil and gas, people should look for sources of oil and gas in remote and untouched places. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of damaging such areas?

 

Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. Do you agree or disagree?

 

Some people say the best way to solve the environmental problem is to raise the price of fuel, to what extent do you agree or disagree

 

Environmental problems are too big for individual countries and individual people to address. We have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is to address it at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

 

Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve. Others, however, believe that these problems cannot be solved if individuals do not take actions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

 

犯罪类

Some think most crime is the result of circumstances e.g. poverty and other social problems. Others believe that most crime is caused by people who are bad by nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

 

科技类

The development of technologies is causing environmental problems. Some people believe that the solution is for everyone to adopt a simpler way of life while others say that technologies can solve these problems. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion.

 

Some people think it’s necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it’s not right to do that. Discuss both views and give you own opinion.

 

工作类

In many countries, women are allowed to take maternity leave from their jobs during the first month after the birth of their babies. Does the advantage outweigh the disadvantages?

 

Countries with a long average working time are more economically successful than those countries which do not have a long working time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 

媒体类

The government has the duty to ensure that its citizens have a healthy diet, while others believe this is individuals' responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

 

Advertising can influence the way people think, so it has negative effects. Do you agree or disagree?

 

旅游类

Tourism is a multibillion-dollar industry that supports economic development. However some people think that it causes too much damage to the local environment and culture. Do you agree or disagree?

 

Foreign tourists abroad should be charged more than local people when visiting the local historical and cultural tourist attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 

其他类

Some people believe famous people's support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems, while others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

 

With the development of technology and science, some people believe that there is no great value of artists such as musicians and painters. What are the things artists can do but the scientist cannot? Why should we encourage the art area?

 

 

以下为重点话题及范文解析:

 

题目:Some people think health care should be free for everyone, while others think they should pay medical costs for themselves. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

 

题型:双方讨论题

 

话题:政府类

 

解题思路:这一命题要求我们从两个方面分别讨论:医疗保健费用应完全免费,还是由个人负担。可以通过不同方面来论证观点,比如政府向医院投入过多资金,会有怎样的弊端;而个人完全支付看病费用,可能会有怎样的结果。

 

参考范文:

It has been widely acknowledged that easy access to health care stands as a basic interest for individuals, as well as a symbol of caring and responsible regime. Therefore, some people argue that health care should be totally free to achieve that notion, while others hold doubts on that. As far as I am concerned, both the government and individuals should be responsible for medical costs.

 

Those who advocate free medical services believe that everyone has equal right to enjoy a healthy life and that government has the duty to sponsor those who are in need of medical help. Many families are still struggling to survive under the poverty line nowadays. Without free medical treatment, it is surely a disaster when these economically underprivileged people get ill. If the major labour source falls down, the whole family may be badly stricken, thus exacerbating the gap between the rich and the poor, which is certainly not a sign of benign for the further prosperous of a nation.

 

Nevertheless, sound as it may be, a totally free healthcare is much too divorced from reality, and equity as well. If patients do not pay for the cost, hospitals will have to rely on the funding from government or other investments. Therefore the right of self-management is crippled, together with a lack of peer competition. This policy may result in poorer services, less researches in new theories and slower reactions to the patients, all of which leading to the opposite way from caring for people of the nation. Worse still, talented doctors may choose to work in private hospitals if the free healthcare policy is implemented, for the salary will definitely be higher than that in public sectors. That is to say the rich and the poor are still being treated in different ways, which may raise even more conflicts.

 

To sum up, medical care should not be totally free from my perspective, and a feasible way to ease the burden of the poor is to exempt the cost of some basic and common treatments, while leaving other special demands on charge.

 

重点表达:

It has been widely acknowledged that: 众所周知

regime: n. 政府

struggling to survive under the poverty line挣扎在贫困线上

economically underprivileged people: 穷人

self-management 自主治理

divorced from reality 不切实际

exempt  v. 免除

 

本次机经由以下沪江留学老师产出

 

王倩竹老师

沪江网校留学资深教研老师,同济大学英语语言文学硕士,主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校《雅思保七冲八》、Unlock A1-B2雅思能力课程、World English B1、新版雅思6.5分阅读、新版雅思7分听力等课程的设计规划与制作,并帮助多名1V1学生达到雅思写作7分。