2017下半年笔译二级真题解析（英译汉第二篇）

Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat against environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and ...viable role for every member in the world.. production .health education in developing countries. But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs, habitude and people.

原文加黑部分不完整。答案只能作为参考。

local customs, habitude and people.这类内容一定要逐字分析，不要出现意义空白，

But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. 本句中的idea和nature都要根据汉语习惯进行有效调整，以达到通顺的目的。

本句参考译文：

许多国家纷纷制定可持续发展战略，以便应对广大发展中国家所面临的环境恶化问题，保障空气质量、水质和生产安全，实践证明，卫生教育对推动世界各国的发展具有切实可行性。但有人认为，可持续发展的概念不够明晰，沦为部分组织谋取自身利益的工具，将所有环境和经济问题都变成了利益问题。还有人认为，发展中国家在实施可持续发展战略过程中，时常会忽视当地风俗、习惯和民生问题。

Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.

本句用词非常俭省，句式较短，容易产生误理尤其是类似于war necessitates这类比较正式的用法，一定要在反复推敲的基础上，通过调整主语的方式，产生比较通顺的译文。

本句参考译文：

在和平年代，各国之间需要相互依存，战争时期，各国又必须相互竞争，追求独立。关税和进口限制政策有助于增强本国经济活力，同时削弱敌国的经济增长潜力。此外，战争条件下对武器制造业采取保护主义极为必要，因为对于他国的武器依赖可能会导致致命后果。

For the most part, eco-nomists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.

free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business,这类句子都属于经济学当中常用的口语化表达，需要找到在中文中的对应说法。

 displaced workers and resources原文一个修饰词在译文中变成了两个，体现出处理的灵活和地道性，应该在翻译中注意。

本句参考译文：

经济学家多半强调保护主义的负面效应，认为保护主义削弱了国际贸易，抬升了消费价格。不仅如此，受到贸易保护的本土企业往往丧失了创新动力。虽然自由贸易会将缺乏竞争力的公司淘汰出局，但失业工人和闲置资源会配置到经济的其它领域。

Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods.

help a new industry thrive locally各国为了扶持本国新产业的发展壮大，这类句子说法很多，但要注意表达的正式程度。

本句参考译文：

设定限额是贸易保护手段之一，在此情况下，不论国外企业商品定价多低，都不能超额进口货物。各国为了扶持本国新产业的发展壮大，通常会对进口产品设定限额。这些国家认为，此类限制有助于新产业实体充分提升自身竞争优势，提高商品生产效率。发展中国家常常以这一观点作为对国外产品实施限制的借口。

Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown

这一段落较为简单，主要注意名词的处理，

Purpose

Reduction

Reduction

这些词在处理时都可以按照汉语的习惯转成动词。

本句参考译文：

贸易主义政策通常旨在为本土工人创造就业岗位。在限额政策行业内运作的公司只雇佣当地工人。限额政策的另一缺点是由于缺乏国国外公司竞争，国内产品的质量因此下降。由于缺乏竞争，本土企业往往不愿增加创新投入，也不想改变产品与服务质量。国内商家在提高效率和降低价格方面缺乏动力。这样一下，消费者们最终花更多的钱去购买国外竞争对手产品与服务。本土企业一旦丧失竞争力，就被迫要把工作外包出去。从长远来看，增加保护主义通常会导致企业裁员，引起经济衰退。