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Solar Panels Dust Themselves Off

“太阳能板牌”甩尘机

Imagine giant fields filled with photovoltaic solar panels, soaking up rays. The best spots to put such panels are obviously sunny, with little rain. But such places often come with lots of dust. And the panels have to stay dust-free: just a seventh of an ounce of dust per square yard of panel can decrease solar power conversion by 40 percent. And panels in Arizona might get covered with four times that much dust each month.

设想，一个巨大的场地上全是光电太阳能板在吸收光能。安放太阳能板的最佳地点当然要是阳光充沛，雨水少。不过这种地方一般都会有很多灰尘。偏偏太阳能板需要一个无尘的环境：每平方码只要有七分之一盎司的尘土就会降低太阳能板40%的转换效率。而亚利桑那州的太阳能板每个月被覆盖的尘土达到其4倍。

Cleaning the panels conventionally uses precious water. So researchers are turning to dust-cleaning technology developed for one of the driest, dustiest locations possible: Mars. The work was reported at the national meeting of the American Chemical Society. 

常规太阳能板的清洁是使用水。因此研究人员将目标转向在最干燥，扬尘最多的地方--火星开发除尘技术。该项工作已在美国化学学会的全国会议上报告。

An electrically-sensitive transparent material is deposited on glass or a plastic sheet that covers the panel. Sensors monitor the dust levels. Once the dust reaches a specified level, the system reacts and produces a charge, with electricity generated by the panel.

把一种涂有对电很敏感的透明材料的玻璃或塑胶薄片覆盖在太阳能板上。用传感器检测粉尘量。当粉尘达到一定量，系统将发生反应并产生一个电荷，太阳能板产生电流。

The charge creates a wave over the material’s surface that physically lifts the dust and tosses it over the edges. The system gets about 90 percent of the dust in a couple of minutes. So the panels can go back to soaking up rays.

这个电荷在材料表面产生一个波动，这个波动会讲灰尘弹起并甩至边缘。此系统可在几分钟之内甩掉90%的粉尘，这样太阳能板可以继续吸收太阳能。

—Cynthia Graber

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