Third conditionals and mixed conditionals  第三条件句和混合条件句

Conditionals are sentences with two clauses – an ‘if clause and a main clause – that are closely related. Conditional sentences are often divided into different types.
条件从句是一个句子里有两个从句—“一个if 从句和一个主句”—两个句子连在你一起。条件从句经常被分为各类。


Third conditional 第三条件句
Third conditional sentences describe the past. They describe something that didn’t happen. 第三条件句是描述过去的句子，它们描述以前没有发生的事情。
   • If I’d studied harder at school I would have gone to university.
He didn’t study very hard and he didn’t go to university.

   • We wouldn’t have got lost if you hadn’t given me the wrong directions.
She wasn't given the correct directions and she didn't find her way.

   • She might have finished the exam if she’d had more time.
She didn't finish the exam and she didn't have more time.

In third conditional sentences, the structure is usually if + past perfect and would + perfect infinitive (e.g. have done). It’s not important which clause comes first.
其句型结构经常是 if +过去完成时 和 would +一般现在完成时。哪个条件先出现不重要。

Notice that other modal verbs can be used instead of ‘would’ (e.g. ‘could’, ‘might’ ‘may’)
注意情态动词可以用其他代替。

 

Mixed conditionals  混合条件句

In mixed conditional sentences the time in the ‘if’ clause is not the same as the time in the main clause. There can be various combinations. 在混合条件句里，在if从句里面的时间跟在主句里的时间是不一样的。这可以是很多种的不同的句子组合。
   • If he’d gone to university he might have a better job.

He didn’t go to university (past)
He doesn’t have a very good job. (present)
This sentence shows the present consequences of a past action.

   • If I’d won the competition I’d be going to Florida next week.She didn’t win the competition (past)

She isn’t going to Florida (future)
This sentence shows the future consequences of a past action.

   • If he didn’t have to work tomorrow he wouldn’t be so miserable today.

He has to work tomorrow (future)
He’s miserable. (present)
This sentence shows the present consequence of a future event.