2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题（答案解析版）

Section I Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?
Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.
Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.

1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail

答案：
1-5: ADBDC
6-10: BBDBA
11-15: ADCCC
16-20: CABAD

【答案详解】

1. [标准答案] [A]
[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系
[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”（一个无现金社会不太可能马上出现），而文章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进入一个无现金社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。B. moreover表递进 C. therefore 表结果 D. Otherwise表对比

2. [标准答案] [D]
[考点分析] 上下文语义
[选项分析] 根据该句的but可知，其前后句子是转折关系。后一句是说这种形式的社会并没有真正有成果出来，所以前一句应该为这样的预测已经进行了二十年。其它选项不符合题意。

3. [标准答案] [B]
[考点分析] 上下文语义及名词辨析
[选项分析] 该句意思为，1975年的《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段“将很快彻底改变货币本身的____”。四个选项中，A.为力量 C“历史” D“角色”，语义不正确，且如果选择 role的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。

4. [标准答案] [D]
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] 根据only知道，空格处所填单词词义应与前一句的”revolutionize”（变革）发生同义替换，因此ABCD四个选项中只有e （颠覆）符合。A. reward 奖赏 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续。

5. [标准答案] [C]
[考点分析] 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析
[选项分析]根据上文得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会可能即将到来，而作者谈到实际上“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此这种无现金社会只可能缓慢到来，故答案选择C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady平稳的。

6．[标准答案] [B]
[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词词义辨析
[选项分析] 填空所在段开头although表明对上一段的让步关系，上一段的观点为人们进入无现金时代的速度变缓慢的原因。因此这一段应该是说明尽管电子支付可能比纸币支付方式更方便更高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因，只有B work against 违背、妨碍，符合题意。A. work for 为…而工作 C. work with 与…共事，对…起作用 D. work on 从事…工作，对…起作用，都不合适。

7.[标准答案] [B]
[考点分析] 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析
[选项分析]本填空所在句为对纸币支付“不会”消失原因的解释，即推广电子支付方式不利之处。所以该题选项先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虚构的、富于想象力的”；sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受伤害的”均不符合语义，只能选择消极含义的选项expensive。

8．[标准答案] [D]
[考点分析] 上下文语义及形容词词义辨析
[选项分析]空格所在句译为...使得电子货币成为____支付方式，将四个选项带入，C, D是比较恰当的，再结合本文章的主旨，应该选择“占主导地位的，支配地位”这层意思的D选项。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，独创的,都不合适。

9．[标准答案] [B]
[考点分析] 上下文语义及名词词义辨析
[选项分析] 纸质支票支付拥有能够____收据的优势，而客户一般都不愿____。收据当然是由银行开具，所以只能选择provide。A. collect 收集收据，C. copy 复印收据，D. print打印收据都和实际生活不符合。

10．[标准答案] [A]
[考点分析] 上下文语义及固定搭配
[选项分析]该动词短语的宾语是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage，纸质支票支付能够提供收据这一优势，肯定是消费者不愿放弃的。和优势相搭配的动词短语不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回来，D. pass down传递、遗传也不符合。A. give up放弃一种优势，符合语境，为正确答案。

11．[标准答案] A
[考点分析] 上下文逻辑关系
[选项分析] 本句是来解释 “float”的。空格前面意为“需要花几天”后半句意为纸支票兑现。上文提到讲纸支票的兑现不像是电子支票，是不会马上完成的，所以在纸支票在兑现前要是需要时间的。A before “在。。。之前”。B after “在。。。之后”。C since “自从”。D when “当。。。的时候”。结合上下文意思，很明显只有A符合语境。

12. [标准答案] D
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] 从“and”一词可以看出此题与此11题紧密相连，若能正确理解上一题，此处就很容易选出。意思是在纸支票兑现及钱从帐户取出之前，A kept “保持”。B borrowed “借”。C released “释放，发布”。D withdraw “取钱”。所以结合上下文可以得出只有D项符合语境。

13．[标准答案] C
[考点分析] 上下文逻辑关系
[选项分析]前句子含义是电子支票是及时的，后半句含义是用户不能享有“浮动”带来有好处。可以看出整句话是一个因为关系。A .Unless “除非”。 B .Until “直到。。。才”。C.Because “因为”。D .Though “然而”。根据上下文含义，应选C.

14．[标准答案] C
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] 此处是一个短句，明显缺少一个谓语动词，通过最后一个单词concerns可以看出本句的含义是电子支付方式引发安全及隐私的问题。四个选项中只有raise和concerns搭配时符合文意。所以选C。

15. [标准答案] C
[考点分析] 后置定语
[选项分析]存储信息是通常有固定的动词store。所以选C。

16. [标准答案] C
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] 上文提出电子支票的坏处，本句话意思是“因为这种事情经常发生”，所以形容意思应为普遍的，但因为本句用的双重否定表肯定，所以选填词汇意思应为不普遍的。结合选项A unsafe “不安全”。B unnatural “不自然的”。C uncommon “不是普遍的” D
unclear “不清楚的”。所以只有C项符合本句话意思。

17. [标准答案] A
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析
[选项分析] 本句话是讲电子支票的存在的风险，含义是那些不道德的人就可能通过转移帐户从而偷取别人的存款。动词应为贬义，可以排除 [B] [C] [D]选项。故选[A]。

18. [标准答案] B
[考点分析] 上下文语义及名词义辨析
[选项分析] 上文提出电子支票的风险，本句话提出解决办法，但是防止此类诈骗不是容易的事。结合选项A consideration “考虑”。B prevetion “阻止，防止”。C manipulation “操纵” D jusitification“理由，辩护”。结合语境只有B符合。

19. [标准答案] A
[考点分析] 动词固定搭配
[选项分析] 根据上下文应该选一个“应对”安全问题含义的动词词组，所以可以排除C项和D项，B是“对抗，反抗”，A 是“处理应对”，所以A项是最佳答案。

20. [标准答案] D
[选项分析] 上下文语义及名词词义辨析
[考点分析] 本句提出电子支票的另一个风险，电子支票可追踪包括大量有关个人购物习惯的信息。根据文意可以排除A 项和B项，C path “小路，道路,强调路径。D trail “痕迹，踪迹”，符合上下文，所以选D。