1. 动词(词组)：

absorb->assimilate 吸收

agree partly->agree with reserve 有保留地赞同

arouse->ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate 引起;鼓励

change->alter 改变

consider->take into account 考虑

devote to->dedicate to 把……奉献于;专注于

emphasize->accentuate 强调

expect->anticipate 期望;预期

explain->interpret/illustrate 解释;说明

get into chaos->with chaos ensuing 陷入混乱

hand in->render 提出

join->participate 参加;参与

lead to->contribute to/ conduce to/result in 导致;产生……的结果

limit->stress/hinder/hamper 限制;阻止;阻碍

operate->manipulate 操作;操纵

provide->lend->offer 提供;给予

publicize->propagandize 宣传;公布

sway->vacillate 影响;摇摆，使摇摆

think->contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect 思考;考虑;想起

thrive->palmy(a.)/flourishing(v./a.)/prosperity(n.)

undermine->sap/enervate/debilitate 破坏;使衰弱，衰竭

use->employ/utilize 使用;利用

want->intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望;倾向于

want to->desire 想要

2. 形容词/副词：

first->primarily 首先(ad.)

hardly->merely->barely 几乎不(ad.)

hurt->vulnerable 受伤的;易受攻击的

inevitable-indispensable 必然的;不可缺少的

in fact->actually/virtually 事实上;实际上(ad.)

key->crucial/vital/consequential 关键的;重要的

large->miraculous/marvelous 大的;不可思议的(表程度)

maybe->probably 也许;大概(ad.)

more and more->increasing/growing 越来越多的

obvious->conspicuous 明显的;显著的

old->ancient 老的;古老的

proper->apposite 适当的;合适的

persuasive->thorough/sound/specific/convincing 有说服力的

true->accurate 正确的;准确的

vague->gratuitous/unwarranted/oversimplified 模糊的

well-known->outstanding 著名的

3. 名词(词组)：

bias->prejudice/discriminate 偏见;歧视

big city->metropolis 大都市

chance->alternative 机会;选择

character->trait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/personality 品质;特性;个性

child->juvenile 孩子;青少年

clash->conflict/collision/rencounter 冲突

custom->convention/tradition 传统;习俗

delegate->representative 代表

detail->specific 细节

lawmaking->legislation 立法

offspring->descendant 后代;子孙

value->merit 价值

4. 其他：

although->albeit/notwithstanding 尽管(conj.)

because->in that->since->seeing 因为(conj.)

but->nonetheless/nevertheless 然而;但是(conj.)

through->in term of/via 通过(prep.)

to sum->to summarize/in conclusion 总之;最后