Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。

While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。

在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。

①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。

②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。

③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。

④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。

⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。

⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。

⑦I won't go unless (I'm) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。

[即境活用1]　

When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A．introducing　　　　　 　 B．introduced
C．introduce D．being introduced

解析：将从句补全应为When these products were first introduced to the market，主从句主语一致且从句中有be，可以省略主语和be。

答案：B

2．...tell him/her that he/she should have studied... ……告诉他/她本该学习……

should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。

①You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。

②You shouldn't have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。

拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构：

(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定……”。

(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能……”。

(3)needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做……”。

(4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done

(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了……”。

(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做……”。

(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做……”。

[即境活用2]　

Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.
A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten
C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat

解析：由just now可知，本题谈论过去之事。谈论过去之事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done表说话之前不应该做某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。

答案：C

3．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚……

It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。

①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。

②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。

③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。

提示：(1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that...后接现在完成时。

(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。

The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。

(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。

He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。

[即境活用3]　

—Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall.
A．comes B．have been
C．came D．had come

解析：This is the first time that...之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。

答案：B

4．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。

“with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。

①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。

②With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。

③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house.有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。

④He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。

⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。

⑥He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。

[即境活用4]　

______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.
A．There were; go B．With; to go
C．It was; left D．It had; left

解析：本题考查with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。本题用不定式做宾补表示将来的动作。句意：在最后一班公交车离开的前五分钟，我们到了车站。

答案：B