Dreaming of early retirement? Don’t ditch your cubicle for a catamaran just yet. According to one recent study published online in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, healthy people who work well into their old age may have a lower mortality risk than individuals who quit their jobs at 65, The Guardian reports.
还在梦想着早点退休吗？先别为了想去泛舟就抛弃你的小隔间了。根据最近《流行病学与社区健康杂志》发表在网络上的研究表明，在迈入老年仍能保持良好工作状态的健康人们，相比65岁就离开工作岗位的人们拥有更低的死亡风险，《卫报》报道。

Researchers from Oregon State University examined data from 2956 people who took part in the Healthy Retirement Study, a long-term assessment performed from 1992 to 2010 by theNational Institute on Aging and the University of Michigan. In 1992, the individuals were all employed. By 2010, they had all retired. About 33 percent of the retirees had quit working at age 66 or older, whereas 12 percent had finished working at 65, and 55 percent before 65. One-third of the retirees had left their jobs because of health problems; the rest reported that they were in good physical condition.
来自俄勒冈州立大学的研究人员测试了来自2956名人员的数据。而这2956名人员都参与了一项长期的“健康退休研究计划”——从1992年到2010年由全美抗衰老协会及密歇根大学联合执行。在1992年，所有参与测试的人员都有自己的工作。直到2010年，他们全都退休了。大约33%的退休人员在66岁或更年长的时候退休，而12%的人员在65岁就停止了工作，有55%在65岁以前退休。其中1/3退休人员因健康问题停止工作；剩余的2/3则报告证明身体状况良好。

Throughout the course of the 18-year study, 12.1 percent of “healthy” retirees died, and 25.6 percent of unhealthy retirees died, The Wall Street Journal reports.
纵观这历时18年的研究，12.1%的“健康”退休人员去世了，而25.6%的身体状况不佳的退休人员也去世了，根据《华尔街日报》的报道。

However, after taking lifestyle and demographics into account, researchers noted that healthy retirees who stopped working at age 67 had a 21 percent lower risk of overall mortality than those people who had only retired two years earlier, at the age of 65.
然而，当把生活方式和人口特征考虑在内，研究人员便指出，在67岁停止工作的健康退休人员的死亡风险比2年前，即65岁退休的人员的死亡风险低21%。

This trend became more pronounced as retirement age increased. Individuals who retired at age 70 were 44 percent less likely to die from all causes than their 65-year-old counterparts, and by the time they reached 72 the risk of death was 56 percent lower.
这种趋势随着退休年龄升高越发明显。70岁退休的人们相比65岁退休的人们，死亡率降低了44%，并且当他们到达72岁时就会降低56%。

These findings were extended to the group of “sick” workers. Even if a worker struggled with health issues, they still faced a 9 percent lower risk of dying if they just waited one more year after their Social Security benefits kicked in and quit work at age 66. By the age of 67, they had a 17 percent lower chance of death, and by 72 years old they had a 48 percent reduced mortality risk.
这些发现延伸到“生病”的工作族群里。即使员工与疾病作抗争，相比于白白等待一年后社会保障福利到来然后在66岁退休，他们仍能降低9%的死亡率。到了67岁，死亡率就会降低17%，到了72岁，就会降低48%。

Researchers say they don’t know why, exactly, work might help people live longer. “It may not apply to everybody, but we think work brings people a lot of economic and social benefits that could impact the length of their lives,” Chenkai Wu, the study's lead author, said in a statement.
研究人员都表示他们也不知道确切的原因，为什么工作能让人活得更久。“这可能不适用于所有人，但我们认为工作能给人们带来大量的经济和社会福利，这样就会对生命的长度造成影响。”Chenkai Wu,是这项研究的第一作者，在一份声明中表示。

Of course, New York magazine points out that past studies on retirement and age of death show inconclusive results. Some of them don’t find a causal link between retirement age and life length, and researchers have noted that early retirement yields both pros (less stress, greater enjoyment from life) and cons (decreased activity, loss of social networks).
当然，《纽约杂志》指出过去的关于退休与死亡年龄的研究都没有得出确定的答案。某些研究也没有找到退休年龄与生命长度之间的因果联系，并且研究人员们也指出早早退休既能带来好处（更少压力，更好地享受生活）也会带来坏处（活动减少，社交联系缺失）。

In short, nobody has a definite answer for whether a few extra years of work will truly provide you with a few extra years of life. However, experts have found that individuals live longer if they have social support, stay active, and feel a sense of overall purpose in life. Work might provide these benefits for some people—but if someone doesn’t like their profession or co-workers, the jury's still out on whether sticking with their day gig for a few more years is worth it in the long run.
简而言之，没有人能给出一个确切的答案证明额外多工作几年能让你多活几年。不过，专家们已经发现了如果个人能得到社会的支持，保持积极乐观的心态，以及感觉到生活总体目标能活得更久。工作也许能为某些人带来这些好处——但要是有的人不喜欢自己的职业或同事，那么是否值得多干几年活还是无法做出定论的。

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